diff --git a/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/cells.rs b/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/cells.rs
index 82519cd40b..e04182daff 100644
--- a/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/cells.rs
+++ b/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/cells.rs
@@ -355,10 +355,14 @@ impl<'a> SpanCells<'a> {
             let (ink_top, ink_bottom) = ink.unwrap_or((0.0, extent - letter_spacing));
             let (mut ink_top, mut ink_bottom) =
                 (ink_top + vpal_flow_shift, ink_bottom + vpal_flow_shift);
-            // Centre cl-05 ink in the em body, unless vpal already centres it.
+            // Centre cl-05 and forced-upright Western ink in the em body,
+            // unless vpal already centres it. Western glyphs hung from a
+            // shared baseline leave uneven gaps: a descender meets the next
+            // cell's ascender (`gf`) while x-height letters float apart.
             let glyph_flow_shift = if !synthetic_rotation
                 && vpal_delta.is_none()
-                && ch.is_some_and(is_centered_punctuation)
+                && ink.is_some()
+                && ch.is_some_and(|c| is_centered_punctuation(c) || !is_upright_char(c))
             {
                 let shift = centered_flow_shift(ink_top, ink_bottom, extent - letter_spacing);
                 ink_top += shift;
@@ -490,6 +494,26 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn upright_latin_ink_is_centred_in_its_cell() {
+        // A descender followed by an ascender (`gf`) must not touch: each
+        // letter's ink sits in the middle of its em cell.
+        let mut content = make_content(&["gf"], 1000.0);
+        content.paragraphs_mut()[0].children_mut()[0].text_orientation = TextOrientation::Upright;
+        let layout = layout_with(&provider(TEST_FONT), &content);
+        for cell in &layout.cells {
+            let ink_middle = (cell.ink_top + cell.ink_bottom) / 2.0;
+            assert!(
+                (ink_middle - cell.extent / 2.0).abs() < 0.01,
+                "ink middle {ink_middle} in a {} cell",
+                cell.extent
+            );
+        }
+        let (g, f) = (&layout.cells[0], &layout.cells[1]);
+        let gap = f.top + f.ink_top - (g.top + g.ink_bottom);
+        assert!(gap > 0.2 * EM, "g/f ink gap {gap}");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn warichu_span_composes_two_half_size_sub_lines() {
         let content = warichu_content("ABCD", 400.0);
diff --git a/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/flow.rs b/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/flow.rs
index 302a8931a6..ef1819fc09 100644
--- a/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/flow.rs
+++ b/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/flow.rs
@@ -200,33 +200,33 @@ pub(super) fn align_offset_along_column(align: TextAlign, budget: f32, used: f32
     }
 }
 
-/// Japanese inter-script spacing at an upright CJK <-> rotated alphanumeric
-/// boundary; punctuation and whitespace get none. Scales by the smaller
-/// adjacent font size so a large neighbour cannot widen the gap.
-fn inter_script_spacing(
-    previous: FlowScript,
-    previous_font_size: f32,
-    next: FlowScript,
-    next_font_size: f32,
-) -> f32 {
-    let boundary = matches!(
-        (previous, next),
+/// Japanese inter-script spacing (JLREQ §3.2.6) between kana or kanji
+/// (cl-15, cl-16, cl-19) and a rotated alphanumeric run. Punctuation keeps
+/// its own aki and Latin sets solid against it; whitespace gets none. Scales
+/// by the smaller adjacent font size so a large neighbour cannot widen the
+/// gap.
+fn inter_script_spacing(previous: &FlowCell, next: &FlowCell) -> f32 {
+    let is_japanese_letter =
+        |flow: &FlowCell| flow.ch.is_some_and(|ch| classify(ch).is_japanese_letter());
+    let boundary = match (previous.script, next.script) {
         (
             FlowScript::Upright,
             FlowScript::Rotated {
                 starts_alphanumeric: true,
                 ..
-            }
-        ) | (
+            },
+        ) => is_japanese_letter(previous),
+        (
             FlowScript::Rotated {
                 ends_alphanumeric: true,
                 ..
             },
-            FlowScript::Upright
-        )
-    );
+            FlowScript::Upright,
+        ) => is_japanese_letter(next),
+        _ => false,
+    };
     if boundary {
-        previous_font_size.min(next_font_size) * INTER_SCRIPT_SPACING_EM
+        previous.cell.font_size.min(next.cell.font_size) * INTER_SCRIPT_SPACING_EM
     } else {
         0.0
     }
@@ -238,12 +238,7 @@ fn inter_script_spacing(
 /// keeps its trailing letter-spacing.
 pub(super) fn apply_inter_script_spacing(cells: &mut [FlowCell]) {
     for i in 1..cells.len() {
-        let target_gap = inter_script_spacing(
-            cells[i - 1].script,
-            cells[i - 1].cell.font_size,
-            cells[i].script,
-            cells[i].cell.font_size,
-        );
+        let target_gap = inter_script_spacing(&cells[i - 1], &cells[i]);
         if target_gap <= 0.0 {
             continue;
         }
@@ -1237,6 +1232,35 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn latin_sets_against_japanese_punctuation_without_script_spacing() {
+        // JLREQ §3.2.6 (Figure 103): after 、。」 Latin keeps only the
+        // punctuation's half-em aki, and Latin sets solid after 「 and
+        // before 、」.
+        let provider = provider_with_fallback(VPAL_TEST_FONT, TEST_FONT);
+        let fallback = ["fallback".to_string()];
+        let layout = |text: &str| {
+            layout_with_fallback(&provider, &make_content(&[text], 1000.0), 1000.0, &fallback)
+        };
+        let natural = layout("editor").cells[0].extent;
+        for text in ["あ、editor", "あ。editor", "あ」editor", "あ「editor"] {
+            let cells = layout(text).cells;
+            assert!(
+                (cells[2].top - cells[1].top - EM).abs() < 0.01,
+                "{text}: punctuation frame is {} em",
+                (cells[2].top - cells[1].top) / EM
+            );
+        }
+        for text in ["editor、", "editor」"] {
+            let cells = layout(text).cells;
+            assert!(
+                (cells[1].top - natural).abs() < 0.01,
+                "{text}: Latin must set solid, gap {}",
+                cells[1].top - natural
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn oikomi_reduces_script_gap_before_oidashi() {
         let natural = layout_content(&make_content(&["あa"], 1000.0), 1000.0);
diff --git a/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/paint.rs b/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/paint.rs
index 679dd833f2..93d1b9a6a7 100644
--- a/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/paint.rs
+++ b/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/paint.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ fn cell_draws(layout: &VerticalLayout, cell: &VerticalCell, origin: (f32, f32))
         CellKind::Rotated { run } => {
             let run = &layout.runs[run];
             // After rotation +x runs down the column and +y runs across it;
-            // the shift centres the run's actual ink band on the column axis.
+            // the shift puts the font's central baseline on the column axis.
             run.blob()
                 .map(|blob| {
                     GlyphDraw::transformed(
diff --git a/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/shaping.rs b/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/shaping.rs
index 20c7484c31..a20b85c208 100644
--- a/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/shaping.rs
+++ b/render-wasm/src/shapes/text_vertical/shaping.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ pub struct ShapedRun {
     pub utf8_range: Range<usize>,
     /// Source text of `utf8_range`, attached to the run's text blobs.
     pub text: String,
-    /// Local-y offset that centres the run's ink after 90° rotation.
+    /// Local-y offset that puts the font's central baseline on the column
+    /// axis after 90° rotation.
     pub rotated_baseline_shift: f32,
 }
 
@@ -262,11 +263,7 @@ impl RunHandler for RunCollector {
             .map(|(i, position)| positions.get(i + 1).map_or(end, |next| next.x) - position.x)
             .collect();
         self.runs.push(ShapedRun {
-            rotated_baseline_shift: rotated_run_baseline_shift(
-                info.font,
-                &self.scratch_glyphs,
-                &positions,
-            ),
+            rotated_baseline_shift: central_baseline_shift(info.font),
             font: info.font.clone(),
             glyphs: self.scratch_glyphs.clone(),
             positions,
@@ -453,8 +450,22 @@ pub(super) fn rotated_baseline_shift(top: f32, bottom: f32) -> f32 {
     -(top + bottom) / 2.0
 }
 
+/// Shift that puts the font's central baseline on the column axis: the
+/// middle of its em box, derived from ascent/descent scaled to 1em (CSS
+/// `central` for fonts without a BASE table). It depends only on the font,
+/// so every sideways run of a face shares one baseline whatever its ink.
+fn central_baseline_shift(font: &Font) -> f32 {
+    let (_, metrics) = font.metrics();
+    let band = metrics.descent - metrics.ascent;
+    if band <= 0.0 {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+    let em_over = -metrics.ascent * font.size() / band;
+    em_over - font.size() / 2.0
+}
+
 /// Centres the glyphs' actual ink; ascent/descent metrics are only the
-/// fallback for runs without visible ink.
+/// fallback for glyphs without visible ink.
 fn rotated_run_baseline_shift(font: &Font, glyphs: &[GlyphId], positions: &[SkPoint]) -> f32 {
     if let Some(ink) = glyph_run_ink_bounds(font, glyphs, positions) {
         rotated_baseline_shift(ink.top, ink.bottom)
@@ -477,33 +488,39 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(families[2], "fallback");
     }
 
+    fn rotated_shift(text: &str) -> f32 {
+        let layout = layout_content(&make_content(&[text], 1000.0), 1000.0);
+        let CellKind::Rotated { run } = layout.cells[0].kind else {
+            panic!("expected a rotated run");
+        };
+        layout.runs[run].rotated_baseline_shift
+    }
+
     #[test]
-    fn rotated_run_centres_actual_lowercase_ink() {
+    fn rotated_runs_share_a_baseline_whatever_their_ink() {
+        // Ascenders and descenders must not move the baseline across the
+        // column.
+        let plain = rotated_shift("aaa");
+        for text in ["aaaf", "aaag", "aaagf", "AAA"] {
+            assert!(
+                (rotated_shift(text) - plain).abs() < 0.01,
+                "{text} shifted from {plain} to {}",
+                rotated_shift(text)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rotated_lowercase_sits_on_the_column_axis() {
+        // Source Sans: the em-box middle falls within 2% of an em of the
+        // x-height middle, so lowercase looks centred in the column.
         let layout = layout_content(&make_content(&["a"], 1000.0), 1000.0);
-        let cell = &layout.cells[0];
-        let CellKind::Rotated { run } = cell.kind else {
+        let CellKind::Rotated { run } = layout.cells[0].kind else {
             panic!("expected a rotated run");
         };
         let run = &layout.runs[run];
-        let mut bounds = vec![skia::Rect::default(); run.glyphs.len()];
-        run.font.get_bounds(&run.glyphs, &mut bounds, None);
-        let top = bounds
-            .iter()
-            .zip(&run.positions)
-            .map(|(bound, position)| bound.top + position.y)
-            .fold(f32::MAX, f32::min);
-        let bottom = bounds
-            .iter()
-            .zip(&run.positions)
-            .map(|(bound, position)| bound.bottom + position.y)
-            .fold(f32::MIN, f32::max);
-        let shift = run.rotated_baseline_shift;
-        assert!(((top + bottom) / 2.0 + shift).abs() < 0.01);
-
-        // Lowercase ink does not fill the face's ascent/descent band, so ink
-        // centring differs from font-wide metric centring.
-        let (_, metrics) = run.font.metrics();
-        let metrics_shift = rotated_baseline_shift(metrics.ascent, metrics.descent);
-        assert!((shift - metrics_shift).abs() > 0.1);
+        let ink = run.ink_bounds().expect("visible ink");
+        let ink_middle = (ink.top + ink.bottom) / 2.0 + run.rotated_baseline_shift;
+        assert!(ink_middle.abs() < 0.02 * EM, "ink middle at {ink_middle}");
     }
 }