✨ Use new render on PDF export

frontend/src/app/main/data/exports/assets.cljs

@@ -166,11 +166,13 @@
 (defn request-simple-export
   [{:keys [export]}]
   (if (and (contains? cf/flags :wasm-export)
-           (contains? #{:jpeg :webp :png} (:type export)))
+           (contains? #{:jpeg :webp :png :pdf} (:type export)))
     (ptk/reify ::request-simple-export-wasm
       ptk/EffectEvent
       (effect [_ _ _]
-        (wasm.exports/export-image export)))
+        (case (:type export)
+          :pdf (wasm.exports/export-pdf export)
+          (wasm.exports/export-image export))))
 
     (ptk/reify ::request-simple-export
       ptk/UpdateEvent

frontend/src/app/main/data/exports/wasm.cljs

@@ -26,3 +26,18 @@
     (dom/trigger-download-uri filename mtype url)
     (wapi/revoke-uri url)
     nil))
+
+(defn export-pdf-uri
+  [{:keys [scale object-id]}]
+  (let [bytes (wasm.api/render-shape-pdf object-id (or scale 1))
+        blob (wapi/create-blob bytes "application/pdf")]
+    (wapi/create-uri blob)))
+
+(defn export-pdf
+  [{:keys [suffix name] :as params}]
+  (let [url (export-pdf-uri params)
+        filename (str name (or suffix "") ".pdf")]
+    (dom/trigger-download-uri filename "application/pdf" url)
+    (wapi/revoke-uri url)
+    nil))
+

frontend/src/app/render_wasm/api.cljs

@@ -2222,6 +2222,25 @@
         (mem/free)
         {:x x :y y :width w :height h}))))
 
+(defn render-shape-pdf
+  [shape-id scale]
+  (let [buffer (uuid/get-u32 shape-id)
+
+        offset
+        (h/call wasm/internal-module "_render_shape_pdf"
+                (aget buffer 0)
+                (aget buffer 1)
+                (aget buffer 2)
+                (aget buffer 3)
+                scale)
+
+        heap (mem/get-heap-u8)
+        heapu32 (mem/get-heap-u32)
+        length (aget heapu32 (mem/->offset-32 offset))
+        result (dr/read-image-bytes heap (+ offset 4) length)]
+    (mem/free)
+    result))
+
 (defn init-wasm-module
   [module]
   (let [default-fn (unchecked-get module "default")

render-wasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ skia-safe = { version = "0.93.1", default-features = false, features = [
   "textlayout",
   "binary-cache",
   "webp",
+  "pdf",
 ] }
 thiserror = "2.0.18"
 uuid = { version = "1.11.0", features = ["v4", "js"] }

render-wasm/src/main.rs

@@ -937,6 +937,22 @@ pub fn free_gpu_resources() {
     get_render_state().free_gpu_resources();
 }
 
+#[no_mangle]
+#[wasm_error]
+pub extern "C" fn render_shape_pdf(a: u32, b: u32, c: u32, d: u32, scale: f32) -> Result<*mut u8> {
+    let id = uuid_from_u32_quartet(a, b, c, d);
+
+    with_state!(state, {
+        let data = state.render_shape_pdf(&id, scale)?;
+
+        let len = data.len() as u32;
+        let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(4 + data.len());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&len.to_le_bytes());
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&data);
+        Ok(mem::write_bytes(buf))
+    })
+}
+
 fn main() {
     #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
     init_gl!();

render-wasm/src/render.rs

@@ -2,16 +2,20 @@ mod debug;
 mod fills;
 pub mod filters;
 mod fonts;
+mod gpu_renderer;
 pub mod gpu_state;
 pub mod grid_layout;
 mod images;
 mod options;
+pub mod pdf;
 mod shadows;
+pub mod shape_renderer;
 mod strokes;
 mod surfaces;
 pub mod text;
 pub mod text_editor;
 mod ui;
+mod vector;
 
 use skia_safe::{self as skia, Matrix, RRect, Rect};
 use std::borrow::Cow;

render-wasm/src/render/gpu_renderer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+use skia_safe::{self as skia};
+
+use super::shape_renderer::ShapeRenderer;
+use super::{fills, shadows, strokes, RenderState, SurfaceId};
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::shapes::{Fill, Shape, Stroke, Type};
+
+/// GPU render backend — thin wrapper around the existing surface-based
+/// rendering modules (`fills`, `strokes`, `shadows`).
+///
+/// This struct is not yet used in the hot path (`render_shape`), but it
+/// implements [`ShapeRenderer`] so that adding a new trait method produces
+/// a compile error here, forcing the GPU side to be updated alongside the
+/// PDF backend.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct GpuRenderer<'a> {
+    pub render_state: &'a mut RenderState,
+    pub fills_surface_id: SurfaceId,
+    pub strokes_surface_id: SurfaceId,
+    pub innershadows_surface_id: SurfaceId,
+    pub antialias: bool,
+    pub outset: Option<f32>,
+    pub fast_mode: bool,
+    pub scale: f32,
+}
+
+impl ShapeRenderer for GpuRenderer<'_> {
+    fn draw_fills(&mut self, shape: &Shape, fills: &[Fill]) -> Result<()> {
+        fills::render(
+            self.render_state,
+            shape,
+            fills,
+            self.antialias,
+            self.fills_surface_id,
+            self.outset,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn draw_strokes(&mut self, shape: &Shape, strokes: &[&Stroke]) -> Result<()> {
+        strokes::render(
+            self.render_state,
+            shape,
+            strokes,
+            Some(self.strokes_surface_id),
+            self.antialias,
+            self.outset,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn draw_drop_shadows(&mut self, _shape: &Shape) -> Result<()> {
+        // GPU handles drop shadows at tree traversal level
+        // (render_shape_tree_partial), not at the leaf level.
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_fill_inner_shadows(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()> {
+        if !self.fast_mode {
+            shadows::render_fill_inner_shadows(
+                self.render_state,
+                shape,
+                self.antialias,
+                self.innershadows_surface_id,
+            );
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_stroke_inner_shadows(&mut self, shape: &Shape, stroke: &Stroke) -> Result<()> {
+        if !self.fast_mode {
+            shadows::render_stroke_inner_shadows(
+                self.render_state,
+                shape,
+                stroke,
+                self.antialias,
+                self.innershadows_surface_id,
+            )?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_text(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()> {
+        // GPU text rendering is orchestrated inline in render_shape
+        // (render.rs). This wrapper delegates to the same text module.
+        let Type::Text(text_content) = &shape.shape_type else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        let text_content = text_content.new_bounds(shape.selrect());
+        let mut paragraph_builders = text_content.paragraph_builder_group_from_text(None);
+        let blur_filter = shape.image_filter(1.);
+
+        super::text::render(
+            Some(self.render_state),
+            None,
+            shape,
+            &mut paragraph_builders,
+            Some(self.fills_surface_id),
+            None,
+            blur_filter.as_ref(),
+            None,
+            None,
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_svg(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()> {
+        let Type::SVGRaw(sr) = &shape.shape_type else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        if let Some(svg_transform) = shape.svg_transform() {
+            self.render_state
+                .surfaces
+                .canvas_and_mark_dirty(self.fills_surface_id)
+                .concat(&svg_transform);
+        }
+
+        if let Some(svg) = shape.svg.as_ref() {
+            svg.render(
+                self.render_state
+                    .surfaces
+                    .canvas_and_mark_dirty(self.fills_surface_id),
+            );
+        } else {
+            let font_manager =
+                skia::FontMgr::from(self.render_state.fonts().font_provider().clone());
+            if let Ok(dom) = skia::svg::Dom::from_str(&sr.content, font_manager) {
+                dom.render(
+                    self.render_state
+                        .surfaces
+                        .canvas_and_mark_dirty(self.fills_surface_id),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn apply_blur_layer(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> bool {
+        use crate::shapes::{radius_to_sigma, BlurType};
+
+        let blur = match shape.blur {
+            Some(b) if !b.hidden && b.blur_type == BlurType::LayerBlur && b.value > 0.0 => b,
+            _ => return false,
+        };
+
+        let sigma = radius_to_sigma(blur.value * self.scale);
+        if let Some(filter) = skia::image_filters::blur((sigma, sigma), None, None, None) {
+            let mut paint = skia::Paint::default();
+            paint.set_image_filter(filter);
+            let layer_rec = skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&paint);
+            self.render_state
+                .surfaces
+                .canvas(self.fills_surface_id)
+                .save_layer(&layer_rec);
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn restore_blur_layer(&mut self) {
+        self.render_state
+            .surfaces
+            .canvas(self.fills_surface_id)
+            .restore();
+    }
+}

render-wasm/src/render/images.rs

@@ -213,6 +213,13 @@ impl ImageStore {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Returns a CPU-backed (non-texture) copy of the image, suitable for
+    /// drawing on Skia's PDF canvas which has no GPU context.
+    pub fn get_cpu_image(&mut self, id: &Uuid) -> Option<Image> {
+        let gpu_image = self.get(id)?.clone();
+        gpu_image.make_non_texture_image(self.context.as_mut())
+    }
+
     fn get_internal(&mut self, id: &Uuid, is_thumbnail: bool) -> Option<&Image> {
         let key = (*id, is_thumbnail);
         // Use entry API to mutate the HashMap in-place if needed

render-wasm/src/render/pdf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+use skia_safe as skia;
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::state::ShapesPoolRef;
+use crate::uuid::Uuid;
+
+use super::vector::{self, VectorTarget};
+use super::RenderState;
+
+/// Renders a shape tree to a PDF document and returns the raw PDF bytes.
+///
+/// This is a dedicated vector-PDF render path that draws directly to a Skia
+/// PDF canvas, bypassing the GPU surface system entirely.  The result is a
+/// true vector PDF — paths, text and fills are represented as PDF drawing
+/// operations rather than rasterised bitmaps.  Effects that are inherently
+/// pixel-based (blur, shadows with blur) are rasterised internally by Skia's
+/// PDF backend, which is the expected behaviour.
+pub fn render_to_pdf(
+    shared: &mut RenderState,
+    id: &Uuid,
+    tree: ShapesPoolRef,
+    scale: f32,
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let shape = tree
+        .get(id)
+        .ok_or_else(|| crate::error::Error::CriticalError("Shape not found for PDF".to_string()))?;
+    let bounds = shape.extrect(tree, scale);
+
+    let page_w = bounds.width() * scale;
+    let page_h = bounds.height() * scale;
+
+    let mut pdf_bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+
+    // Build PDF metadata
+    let metadata = skia::pdf::Metadata {
+        creator: "Penpot".to_string(),
+        producer: "Penpot (Skia PDF)".to_string(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    let document = skia::pdf::new_document(&mut pdf_bytes, Some(&metadata));
+
+    // begin_page consumes the document and returns an OnPage state
+    let mut on_page = document.begin_page((page_w, page_h), None);
+
+    {
+        let page_canvas = on_page.canvas();
+
+        // Set up coordinate space: scale and translate so the shape's top-left
+        // maps to the page origin.
+        page_canvas.scale((scale, scale));
+        page_canvas.translate((-bounds.left(), -bounds.top()));
+
+        // Render the shape tree depth-first onto the PDF canvas.
+        vector::render_tree(shared, page_canvas, id, tree, scale, VectorTarget::Pdf)?;
+    }
+
+    // end_page consumes OnPage and returns the open document
+    let document = on_page.end_page();
+    // close finalises the PDF and flushes to the writer
+    document.close();
+
+    Ok(pdf_bytes)
+}

render-wasm/src/render/shape_renderer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::shapes::{Fill, Shape, Stroke};
+
+/// Trait that both GPU and PDF render backends must implement.
+///
+/// Adding a method here produces a compile error until both backends
+/// handle it, ensuring new rendering features are never silently
+/// missing from PDF export.
+pub trait ShapeRenderer {
+    /// Draw fills for a shape (solid, gradient, image).
+    fn draw_fills(&mut self, shape: &Shape, fills: &[Fill]) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Draw strokes for a shape (inner, outer, center).
+    fn draw_strokes(&mut self, shape: &Shape, strokes: &[&Stroke]) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Draw drop shadows (offset shadow behind the shape silhouette).
+    fn draw_drop_shadows(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Draw inner shadows on filled geometry.
+    fn draw_fill_inner_shadows(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Draw inner shadows on stroked geometry.
+    fn draw_stroke_inner_shadows(&mut self, shape: &Shape, stroke: &Stroke) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Render a text shape (fills, strokes, shadows — full text pipeline).
+    fn draw_text(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Render an SVG raw shape.
+    fn draw_svg(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Apply a layer blur effect. Returns `true` if a save_layer was pushed
+    /// (caller must call `restore_blur_layer`).
+    fn apply_blur_layer(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> bool;
+
+    /// Restore the layer pushed by `apply_blur_layer`.
+    fn restore_blur_layer(&mut self);
+}

render-wasm/src/render/text.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use super::{filters, RenderState, Shape, SurfaceId};
+use super::{filters, RenderState, Shape, SurfaceId, DEFAULT_EMOJI_FONT};
 use crate::{
     error::Result,
     math::Rect,
     shapes::{
         calculate_position_data, calculate_text_layout_data, set_paint_fill, ParagraphBuilderGroup,
-        Stroke, StrokeKind, TextContent,
+        ParagraphLayout, Stroke, StrokeKind, TextContent,
     },
     utils::{get_fallback_fonts, get_font_collection},
 };
@@ -150,6 +150,62 @@ pub fn render_with_bounds_outset(
     stroke_bounds_outset: f32,
     fill_inset: Option<f32>,
     layer_opacity: Option<f32>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    render_with_bounds_outset_inner(
+        render_state,
+        canvas,
+        shape,
+        paragraph_builders,
+        surface_id,
+        shadow,
+        blur,
+        stroke_bounds_outset,
+        fill_inset,
+        layer_opacity,
+        false,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Like [`render_with_bounds_outset`] but with emoji bitmap overlay for PDF/vector export.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub fn render_with_bounds_outset_overlay_emoji(
+    canvas: &Canvas,
+    shape: &Shape,
+    paragraph_builders: &mut [Vec<ParagraphBuilder>],
+    shadow: Option<&Paint>,
+    blur: Option<&ImageFilter>,
+    stroke_bounds_outset: f32,
+    fill_inset: Option<f32>,
+    layer_opacity: Option<f32>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    render_with_bounds_outset_inner(
+        None,
+        Some(canvas),
+        shape,
+        paragraph_builders,
+        None,
+        shadow,
+        blur,
+        stroke_bounds_outset,
+        fill_inset,
+        layer_opacity,
+        true,
+    )
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+fn render_with_bounds_outset_inner(
+    render_state: Option<&mut RenderState>,
+    canvas: Option<&Canvas>,
+    shape: &Shape,
+    paragraph_builders: &mut [Vec<ParagraphBuilder>],
+    surface_id: Option<SurfaceId>,
+    shadow: Option<&Paint>,
+    blur: Option<&ImageFilter>,
+    stroke_bounds_outset: f32,
+    fill_inset: Option<f32>,
+    layer_opacity: Option<f32>,
+    overlay_emoji: bool,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     if let Some(render_state) = render_state {
         let target_surface = surface_id.unwrap_or(SurfaceId::Fills);
@@ -179,6 +235,7 @@ pub fn render_with_bounds_outset(
                             Some(&blur_filter_clone),
                             fill_inset,
                             layer_opacity,
+                            false,
                         );
                         Ok(())
                     },
@@ -197,6 +254,7 @@ pub fn render_with_bounds_outset(
             blur,
             fill_inset,
             layer_opacity,
+            false,
         );
         return Ok(());
     }
@@ -210,6 +268,7 @@ pub fn render_with_bounds_outset(
             blur,
             fill_inset,
             layer_opacity,
+            overlay_emoji,
         );
     }
     Ok(())
@@ -241,6 +300,30 @@ pub fn render(
     )
 }
 
+/// Like [`render`] but rasterizes color emoji as bitmap overlays for PDF/vector export.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub fn render_overlay_emoji(
+    canvas: &Canvas,
+    shape: &Shape,
+    paragraph_builders: &mut [Vec<ParagraphBuilder>],
+    shadow: Option<&Paint>,
+    blur: Option<&ImageFilter>,
+    fill_inset: Option<f32>,
+    layer_opacity: Option<f32>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    render_with_bounds_outset_overlay_emoji(
+        canvas,
+        shape,
+        paragraph_builders,
+        shadow,
+        blur,
+        0.0,
+        fill_inset,
+        layer_opacity,
+    )
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn render_text_on_canvas(
     canvas: &Canvas,
     shape: &Shape,
@@ -249,6 +332,7 @@ fn render_text_on_canvas(
     blur: Option<&ImageFilter>,
     fill_inset: Option<f32>,
     layer_opacity: Option<f32>,
+    overlay_emoji: bool,
 ) {
     if let Some(blur_filter) = blur {
         let mut blur_paint = Paint::default();
@@ -260,7 +344,13 @@ fn render_text_on_canvas(
     if let Some(shadow_paint) = shadow {
         let layer_rec = SaveLayerRec::default().paint(shadow_paint);
         canvas.save_layer(&layer_rec);
-        draw_text(canvas, shape, paragraph_builders, layer_opacity);
+        draw_text(
+            canvas,
+            shape,
+            paragraph_builders,
+            layer_opacity,
+            overlay_emoji,
+        );
         canvas.restore();
     } else if let Some(eps) = fill_inset.filter(|&e| e > 0.0) {
         if let Some(erode) = skia_safe::image_filters::erode((eps, eps), None, None) {
@@ -268,13 +358,31 @@ fn render_text_on_canvas(
             layer_paint.set_image_filter(erode);
             let layer_rec = SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&layer_paint);
             canvas.save_layer(&layer_rec);
-            draw_text(canvas, shape, paragraph_builders, layer_opacity);
+            draw_text(
+                canvas,
+                shape,
+                paragraph_builders,
+                layer_opacity,
+                overlay_emoji,
+            );
             canvas.restore();
         } else {
-            draw_text(canvas, shape, paragraph_builders, layer_opacity);
+            draw_text(
+                canvas,
+                shape,
+                paragraph_builders,
+                layer_opacity,
+                overlay_emoji,
+            );
         }
     } else {
-        draw_text(canvas, shape, paragraph_builders, layer_opacity);
+        draw_text(
+            canvas,
+            shape,
+            paragraph_builders,
+            layer_opacity,
+            overlay_emoji,
+        );
     }
 
     if blur.is_some() {
@@ -289,6 +397,15 @@ fn paint_text(
     canvas: &Canvas,
     shape: &Shape,
     paragraph_builder_groups: &mut [Vec<ParagraphBuilder>],
+) {
+    paint_text_with_emoji_overlay(canvas, shape, paragraph_builder_groups, false);
+}
+
+fn paint_text_with_emoji_overlay(
+    canvas: &Canvas,
+    shape: &Shape,
+    paragraph_builder_groups: &mut [Vec<ParagraphBuilder>],
+    overlay_emoji: bool,
 ) {
     let text_content = shape.get_text_content();
     let layout_info =
@@ -296,6 +413,11 @@ fn paint_text(
 
     for para in &layout_info.paragraphs {
         para.paragraph.paint(canvas, (para.x, para.y));
+
+        if overlay_emoji {
+            paint_emoji_overlay(canvas, para);
+        }
+
         for deco in &para.decorations {
             draw_text_decorations(
                 canvas,
@@ -309,11 +431,113 @@ fn paint_text(
     }
 }
 
+/// Detects emoji runs in a laid-out paragraph and rasterizes them as bitmap
+/// overlays on the canvas.  Skia's PDF backend cannot render color emoji
+/// glyphs (COLR/CBDT), so we render them to a small raster surface and draw
+/// the resulting image at the correct position.  The regular `paragraph.paint()`
+/// already wrote invisible/placeholder glyphs, keeping the text selectable
+/// in the PDF.
+fn paint_emoji_overlay(canvas: &Canvas, para: &ParagraphLayout) {
+    let line_metrics = para.paragraph.get_line_metrics();
+
+    for line in &line_metrics {
+        let style_runs = line.get_style_metrics(line.start_index..line.end_index);
+
+        // Build a list of (start, end, is_emoji) for each style run.
+        let mut run_info: Vec<(usize, usize, bool)> = Vec::new();
+        for (i, (start_idx, _style_metric)) in style_runs.iter().enumerate() {
+            let end_idx = style_runs.get(i + 1).map_or(line.end_index, |next| next.0);
+            if *start_idx >= end_idx {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let font = para.paragraph.get_font_at(*start_idx);
+            let family_name = font.typeface().family_name();
+
+            let normalized = family_name.to_lowercase().replace(' ', "-");
+            let is_emoji = normalized.contains(DEFAULT_EMOJI_FONT);
+            run_info.push((*start_idx, end_idx, is_emoji));
+        }
+
+        // Merge consecutive emoji runs into contiguous ranges.
+        // ZWJ emoji sequences (e.g. 👩🏿‍🚀) may be split into multiple
+        // style runs by Skia — one per codepoint — but the composed glyph
+        // is a single indivisible cluster.  Querying `get_rects_for_range`
+        // on a partial cluster returns empty results, so we must use the
+        // full cluster range.
+        let mut merged_emoji_ranges: Vec<(usize, usize)> = Vec::new();
+        for &(start, end, is_emoji) in &run_info {
+            if is_emoji {
+                if let Some(last) = merged_emoji_ranges.last_mut() {
+                    if last.1 == start {
+                        // Extend the previous range
+                        last.1 = end;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                merged_emoji_ranges.push((start, end));
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (range_start, range_end) in &merged_emoji_ranges {
+            // Get the bounding rects for this (possibly merged) emoji run
+            let rects = para.paragraph.get_rects_for_range(
+                *range_start..*range_end,
+                skia::textlayout::RectHeightStyle::Tight,
+                skia::textlayout::RectWidthStyle::Tight,
+            );
+
+            for text_box in &rects {
+                let r = &text_box.rect;
+                let w = r.width().ceil() as i32;
+                let h = r.height().ceil() as i32;
+                if w <= 0 || h <= 0 {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Rasterize: create a small CPU surface, paint the paragraph
+                // clipped to this emoji rect, then draw the resulting image
+                // onto the PDF canvas.
+                let dpr = 4; // high-DPI factor for quality
+                let info = skia::ImageInfo::new_n32_premul((w * dpr, h * dpr), None);
+                let Some(mut raster) = skia::surfaces::raster(&info, None, None) else {
+                    continue;
+                };
+
+                let rc = raster.canvas();
+                rc.clear(skia::Color::TRANSPARENT);
+                rc.scale((dpr as f32, dpr as f32));
+                // Translate so the emoji rect origin maps to (0,0)
+                rc.translate((-r.left, -r.top));
+                para.paragraph.paint(rc, (0.0, 0.0));
+
+                let image = raster.image_snapshot();
+
+                // Draw the rasterized emoji onto the PDF canvas at the
+                // correct position (paragraph offset + emoji rect origin).
+                let dest =
+                    skia::Rect::from_xywh(para.x + r.left, para.y + r.top, r.width(), r.height());
+
+                let sampling =
+                    skia::SamplingOptions::new(skia::FilterMode::Linear, skia::MipmapMode::Linear);
+                canvas.draw_image_rect_with_sampling_options(
+                    &image,
+                    None,
+                    dest,
+                    sampling,
+                    &Paint::default(),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn draw_text(
     canvas: &Canvas,
     shape: &Shape,
     paragraph_builder_groups: &mut [Vec<ParagraphBuilder>],
     layer_opacity: Option<f32>,
+    overlay_emoji: bool,
 ) {
     if let Some(opacity) = layer_opacity {
         let mut opacity_paint = Paint::default();
@@ -324,7 +548,7 @@ fn draw_text(
         canvas.save_layer(&SaveLayerRec::default());
     }
 
-    paint_text(canvas, shape, paragraph_builder_groups);
+    paint_text_with_emoji_overlay(canvas, shape, paragraph_builder_groups, overlay_emoji);
 }
 
 /// Renders an inner stroke using mask + SrcIn + DstOver layer structure.

render-wasm/src/render/vector.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+use skia_safe::{self as skia, Canvas, Paint, RRect};
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::shapes::{
+    merge_fills, radius_to_sigma, BlurType, Fill, Frame, Rect, Shape, Stroke, StrokeKind, Type,
+};
+use crate::state::ShapesPoolRef;
+use crate::uuid::Uuid;
+
+use super::get_source_rect;
+use super::shape_renderer::ShapeRenderer;
+use super::text;
+use super::RenderState;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// VectorTarget — vector export backend selector
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Selects backend-specific behaviour in [`VectorRenderer`].
+///
+/// Currently only PDF is supported. The enum exists so that adding
+/// future vector targets (e.g. SVG) only requires a new variant and
+/// target-specific branches in `VectorRenderer`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) enum VectorTarget {
+    Pdf,
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// VectorRenderer — implements ShapeRenderer for canvas-based vector export
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Canvas-based vector render backend (used by both PDF and SVG export).
+/// Draws directly to a Skia canvas (CPU-only, no GPU surfaces).
+/// Implements [`ShapeRenderer`] so that adding a new trait method produces
+/// a compile error until the vector export path handles it.
+pub(super) struct VectorRenderer<'a> {
+    canvas: &'a Canvas,
+    shared: &'a mut RenderState,
+    scale: f32,
+    _target: VectorTarget,
+}
+
+impl<'a> VectorRenderer<'a> {
+    pub fn new(
+        canvas: &'a Canvas,
+        shared: &'a mut RenderState,
+        scale: f32,
+        target: VectorTarget,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            canvas,
+            shared,
+            scale,
+            _target: target,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ShapeRenderer for VectorRenderer<'_> {
+    fn draw_fills(&mut self, shape: &Shape, fills: &[Fill]) -> Result<()> {
+        if fills.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // Handle image fills individually
+        let has_image_fills = fills.iter().any(|f| matches!(f, Fill::Image(_)));
+        if has_image_fills {
+            for fill in fills.iter().rev() {
+                match fill {
+                    Fill::Image(image_fill) => {
+                        draw_image_fill(self.shared, self.canvas, shape, image_fill)?;
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        let mut paint = fill.to_paint(&shape.selrect, true);
+                        if let Some(filter) = shape.image_filter(1.) {
+                            paint.set_image_filter(filter);
+                        }
+                        draw_shape_geometry(self.canvas, shape, &paint);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let mut paint = merge_fills(fills, shape.selrect);
+        paint.set_anti_alias(true);
+
+        if let Some(filter) = shape.image_filter(1.) {
+            paint.set_image_filter(filter);
+        }
+
+        draw_shape_geometry(self.canvas, shape, &paint);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_strokes(&mut self, shape: &Shape, strokes: &[&Stroke]) -> Result<()> {
+        for stroke in strokes.iter().rev() {
+            draw_single_stroke(self.canvas, shape, stroke)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_drop_shadows(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()> {
+        for shadow in shape.drop_shadows_visible() {
+            if let Some(filter) = shadow.get_drop_shadow_filter() {
+                let mut paint = Paint::default();
+                paint.set_image_filter(filter);
+                let layer_rec = skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&paint);
+                self.canvas.save_layer(&layer_rec);
+                let mut fill_paint = Paint::default();
+                fill_paint.set_anti_alias(true);
+                fill_paint.set_color(skia::Color::BLACK);
+                draw_shape_geometry(self.canvas, shape, &fill_paint);
+                self.canvas.restore();
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_fill_inner_shadows(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()> {
+        if !shape.has_fills() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        for shadow in shape.inner_shadows_visible() {
+            let paint = shadow.get_inner_shadow_paint(true, shape.image_filter(1.).as_ref());
+            self.canvas
+                .save_layer(&skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&paint));
+            let mut fill_paint = Paint::default();
+            fill_paint.set_anti_alias(true);
+            fill_paint.set_color(skia::Color::BLACK);
+            draw_shape_geometry(self.canvas, shape, &fill_paint);
+            self.canvas.restore();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_stroke_inner_shadows(&mut self, shape: &Shape, stroke: &Stroke) -> Result<()> {
+        let is_open = shape.is_open();
+        for shadow in shape.inner_shadows_visible() {
+            if let Some(filter) = shadow.get_inner_shadow_filter() {
+                let mut paint = stroke.to_stroked_paint(
+                    is_open,
+                    &shape.selrect,
+                    shape.svg_attrs.as_ref(),
+                    true,
+                );
+                paint.set_image_filter(filter);
+                draw_shape_geometry(self.canvas, shape, &paint);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_text(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()> {
+        let Type::Text(text_content) = &shape.shape_type else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        let text_content = text_content.new_bounds(shape.selrect());
+        let mut paragraph_builders = text_content.paragraph_builder_group_from_text(None);
+        let blur_filter = shape.image_filter(1.);
+
+        text::render_overlay_emoji(
+            self.canvas,
+            shape,
+            &mut paragraph_builders,
+            None,
+            blur_filter.as_ref(),
+            None,
+            None,
+        )?;
+
+        // Strokes for text
+        let stroke_blur_outset = Stroke::max_bounds_width(shape.visible_strokes(), false);
+
+        for stroke in shape.visible_strokes().rev() {
+            let (mut stroke_paragraphs, layer_opacity) =
+                text::stroke_paragraph_builder_group_from_text(
+                    &text_content,
+                    stroke,
+                    &shape.selrect(),
+                    None,
+                );
+            text::render_with_bounds_outset_overlay_emoji(
+                self.canvas,
+                shape,
+                &mut stroke_paragraphs,
+                None,
+                blur_filter.as_ref(),
+                stroke_blur_outset,
+                None,
+                layer_opacity,
+            )?;
+        }
+
+        // Inner shadows for text
+        let inner_shadows: Vec<_> = shape.inner_shadows_visible().collect();
+        if !inner_shadows.is_empty() {
+            let mut shadow_paragraphs = text_content.paragraph_builder_group_from_text(Some(true));
+            for shadow in &inner_shadows {
+                let shadow_paint = shadow.get_inner_shadow_paint(true, blur_filter.as_ref());
+                text::render_overlay_emoji(
+                    self.canvas,
+                    shape,
+                    &mut shadow_paragraphs,
+                    Some(&shadow_paint),
+                    blur_filter.as_ref(),
+                    None,
+                    None,
+                )?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_svg(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> Result<()> {
+        let Type::SVGRaw(sr) = &shape.shape_type else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        if let Some(svg_transform) = shape.svg_transform() {
+            self.canvas.concat(&svg_transform);
+        }
+        if let Some(svg) = shape.svg.as_ref() {
+            svg.render(self.canvas);
+        } else {
+            let font_manager = skia::FontMgr::from(self.shared.fonts.font_provider().clone());
+            if let Ok(dom) = skia::svg::Dom::from_str(&sr.content, font_manager) {
+                dom.render(self.canvas);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn apply_blur_layer(&mut self, shape: &Shape) -> bool {
+        let blur = match shape.blur {
+            Some(b) if !b.hidden && b.blur_type == BlurType::LayerBlur && b.value > 0.0 => b,
+            _ => return false,
+        };
+
+        let sigma = radius_to_sigma(blur.value * self.scale);
+        if let Some(filter) = skia::image_filters::blur((sigma, sigma), None, None, None) {
+            let mut paint = Paint::default();
+            paint.set_image_filter(filter);
+            let layer_rec = skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&paint);
+            self.canvas.save_layer(&layer_rec);
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn restore_blur_layer(&mut self) {
+        self.canvas.restore();
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Tree traversal
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Depth-first render of the shape tree rooted at `id`.
+pub(super) fn render_tree(
+    shared: &mut RenderState,
+    canvas: &Canvas,
+    id: &Uuid,
+    tree: ShapesPoolRef,
+    scale: f32,
+    target: VectorTarget,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let Some(element) = tree.get(id) else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    if element.hidden {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    match &element.shape_type {
+        Type::Group(group) => {
+            render_group(shared, canvas, element, group.masked, tree, scale, target)?;
+        }
+        Type::Frame(_) => {
+            render_frame(shared, canvas, element, tree, scale, target)?;
+        }
+        _ => {
+            render_leaf(shared, canvas, element, scale, target)?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Groups
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn render_group(
+    shared: &mut RenderState,
+    canvas: &Canvas,
+    element: &Shape,
+    masked: bool,
+    tree: ShapesPoolRef,
+    scale: f32,
+    target: VectorTarget,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let matrix = element.centered_transform();
+
+    canvas.save();
+    canvas.concat(&matrix);
+
+    // Layer for opacity / blend mode
+    let needs_layer = element.needs_layer();
+    if needs_layer {
+        let mut paint = Paint::default();
+        paint.set_blend_mode(element.blend_mode().into());
+        paint.set_alpha_f(element.opacity());
+        let layer_rec = skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&paint);
+        canvas.save_layer(&layer_rec);
+    }
+
+    if masked {
+        // Masked group: render all children except the last, then apply the
+        // mask child with DstIn blend.
+        let children: Vec<Uuid> = element.children_ids_iter_forward(false).copied().collect();
+        if let Some((mask_id, content_ids)) = children.split_last() {
+            // Save a layer for the mask composition
+            let paint = Paint::default();
+            let layer_rec = skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&paint);
+            canvas.save_layer(&layer_rec);
+
+            // Render content children
+            for child_id in content_ids {
+                render_tree(shared, canvas, child_id, tree, scale, target)?;
+            }
+
+            // Render mask with DstIn
+            let mut mask_paint = Paint::default();
+            mask_paint.set_blend_mode(skia::BlendMode::DstIn);
+            let mask_rec = skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&mask_paint);
+            canvas.save_layer(&mask_rec);
+            render_tree(shared, canvas, mask_id, tree, scale, target)?;
+            canvas.restore(); // mask layer
+
+            canvas.restore(); // composition layer
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Normal group: render children in order (forward = back-to-front for painter's algorithm)
+        let children: Vec<Uuid> = element.children_ids_iter_forward(false).copied().collect();
+        for child_id in &children {
+            render_tree(shared, canvas, child_id, tree, scale, target)?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if needs_layer {
+        canvas.restore(); // opacity/blend layer
+    }
+    canvas.restore(); // transform
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Frames
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn render_frame(
+    shared: &mut RenderState,
+    canvas: &Canvas,
+    element: &Shape,
+    tree: ShapesPoolRef,
+    scale: f32,
+    target: VectorTarget,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let matrix = element.centered_transform();
+
+    canvas.save();
+    canvas.concat(&matrix);
+
+    let needs_layer = element.needs_layer();
+
+    if needs_layer {
+        let mut paint = Paint::default();
+        paint.set_blend_mode(element.blend_mode().into());
+        paint.set_alpha_f(element.opacity());
+
+        // Frame-level layer blur
+        if let Some(blur) = element
+            .blur
+            .filter(|b| !b.hidden && b.blur_type == BlurType::LayerBlur && b.value > 0.0)
+        {
+            let sigma = radius_to_sigma(blur.value * scale);
+            if let Some(filter) = skia::image_filters::blur((sigma, sigma), None, None, None) {
+                paint.set_image_filter(filter);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let layer_rec = skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&paint);
+        canvas.save_layer(&layer_rec);
+    }
+
+    // Clip to frame bounds if clip_content
+    if element.clip_content {
+        clip_to_shape(canvas, element, false);
+    }
+
+    // Draw the frame's own fills (background)
+    if !element.fills.is_empty() {
+        let mut renderer = VectorRenderer::new(canvas, shared, scale, target);
+        renderer.draw_fills(element, &element.fills)?;
+    }
+
+    // Render children (forward = back-to-front for painter's algorithm)
+    let children: Vec<Uuid> = element.children_ids_iter_forward(false).copied().collect();
+    for child_id in &children {
+        render_tree(shared, canvas, child_id, tree, scale, target)?;
+    }
+
+    // Strokes drawn after children for clipped frames (over children)
+    let visible_strokes: Vec<&Stroke> = element.visible_strokes().collect();
+    if !visible_strokes.is_empty() {
+        let mut renderer = VectorRenderer::new(canvas, shared, scale, target);
+        renderer.draw_strokes(element, &visible_strokes)?;
+    }
+
+    if needs_layer {
+        canvas.restore(); // opacity/blend layer
+    }
+    canvas.restore(); // transform
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Leaf shapes (Rect, Circle, Path, Bool, Text, SVGRaw)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn render_leaf(
+    shared: &mut RenderState,
+    canvas: &Canvas,
+    element: &Shape,
+    scale: f32,
+    target: VectorTarget,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let needs_layer = element.needs_layer();
+
+    let matrix = element.centered_transform();
+
+    canvas.save();
+    canvas.concat(&matrix);
+
+    // Layer for opacity/blend
+    if needs_layer {
+        let mut paint = Paint::default();
+        paint.set_blend_mode(element.blend_mode().into());
+        paint.set_alpha_f(element.opacity());
+        let layer_rec = skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default().paint(&paint);
+        canvas.save_layer(&layer_rec);
+    }
+
+    // Use VectorRenderer for all drawing operations via the ShapeRenderer trait.
+    let mut renderer = VectorRenderer::new(canvas, shared, scale, target);
+
+    // Layer blur (non-text shapes)
+    let blur_layer = if !matches!(element.shape_type, Type::Text(_)) {
+        renderer.apply_blur_layer(element)
+    } else {
+        false
+    };
+
+    // Drop shadows
+    renderer.draw_drop_shadows(element)?;
+
+    // Shape-type-specific rendering
+    match &element.shape_type {
+        Type::Text(_) => {
+            renderer.draw_text(element)?;
+        }
+        Type::SVGRaw(_) => {
+            renderer.draw_svg(element)?;
+        }
+        _ => {
+            // Rect, Circle, Path, Bool
+            renderer.draw_fills(element, &element.fills)?;
+
+            // Inner shadows on fills
+            renderer.draw_fill_inner_shadows(element)?;
+
+            // Strokes
+            let visible_strokes: Vec<&Stroke> = element.visible_strokes().collect();
+            if !visible_strokes.is_empty() {
+                renderer.draw_strokes(element, &visible_strokes)?;
+
+                // Inner shadows on strokes (only if no fills, to avoid double-drawing)
+                if !element.has_fills() {
+                    for stroke in &visible_strokes {
+                        renderer.draw_stroke_inner_shadows(element, stroke)?;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if blur_layer {
+        renderer.restore_blur_layer();
+    }
+
+    if needs_layer {
+        canvas.restore();
+    }
+
+    canvas.restore();
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Private helpers (canvas-only, not part of the trait)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn draw_image_fill(
+    shared: &mut RenderState,
+    canvas: &Canvas,
+    shape: &Shape,
+    image_fill: &crate::shapes::ImageFill,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    // Use a CPU-backed image copy — GPU-backed images can't be drawn
+    // on the PDF canvas which has no GPU context.
+    let Some(image) = shared.images.get_cpu_image(&image_fill.id()) else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    let size = image.dimensions();
+    let container = &shape.selrect;
+
+    let src_rect = get_source_rect(size, container, image_fill);
+    let dest_rect = container;
+
+    canvas.save();
+
+    // Clip to shape
+    clip_to_shape(canvas, shape, true);
+
+    let mut paint = Paint::default();
+    paint.set_anti_alias(true);
+
+    canvas.draw_image_rect_with_sampling_options(
+        &image,
+        Some((&src_rect, skia::canvas::SrcRectConstraint::Strict)),
+        dest_rect,
+        shared.sampling_options,
+        &paint,
+    );
+
+    canvas.restore();
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn draw_single_stroke(canvas: &Canvas, shape: &Shape, stroke: &Stroke) -> Result<()> {
+    let is_open = shape.is_open();
+    let kind = stroke.render_kind(is_open);
+    let paint = stroke.to_stroked_paint(is_open, &shape.selrect, shape.svg_attrs.as_ref(), true);
+
+    match kind {
+        StrokeKind::Inner => {
+            // Inner stroke: clip to shape, draw with double width
+            canvas.save();
+            clip_to_shape(canvas, shape, true);
+            draw_shape_geometry(canvas, shape, &paint);
+            canvas.restore();
+        }
+        StrokeKind::Outer => {
+            // Outer stroke: use save_layer + clip difference to draw outside shape only
+            canvas.save();
+            let layer_rec = skia::canvas::SaveLayerRec::default();
+            canvas.save_layer(&layer_rec);
+            draw_shape_geometry(canvas, shape, &paint);
+            // Clear inside the shape to keep only outer part
+            let mut clear_paint = Paint::default();
+            clear_paint.set_blend_mode(skia::BlendMode::Clear);
+            clear_paint.set_anti_alias(true);
+            let mut fill_paint = clear_paint;
+            fill_paint.set_style(skia::PaintStyle::Fill);
+            draw_shape_geometry(canvas, shape, &fill_paint);
+            canvas.restore(); // layer
+            canvas.restore();
+        }
+        StrokeKind::Center => {
+            draw_shape_geometry(canvas, shape, &paint);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Geometry helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Draws the shape's geometry (rect/rrect/oval/path) with the given paint.
+fn draw_shape_geometry(canvas: &Canvas, shape: &Shape, paint: &Paint) {
+    match &shape.shape_type {
+        Type::Rect(_) | Type::Frame(_) => {
+            if let Some(corners) = shape.shape_type.corners() {
+                let rrect = RRect::new_rect_radii(shape.selrect, &corners);
+                canvas.draw_rrect(rrect, paint);
+            } else {
+                canvas.draw_rect(shape.selrect, paint);
+            }
+        }
+        Type::Circle => {
+            canvas.draw_oval(shape.selrect, paint);
+        }
+        Type::Path(_) | Type::Bool(_) => {
+            if let Some(path) = shape.get_skia_path() {
+                if let Some(path_transform) = shape.to_path_transform() {
+                    let transformed = path.make_transform(&path_transform);
+                    canvas.draw_path(&transformed, paint);
+                } else {
+                    canvas.draw_path(&path, paint);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+}
+
+/// Clips the canvas to the shape's geometry.
+fn clip_to_shape(canvas: &Canvas, shape: &Shape, antialias: bool) {
+    let container = &shape.selrect;
+    match &shape.shape_type {
+        Type::Rect(Rect {
+            corners: Some(corners),
+        })
+        | Type::Frame(Frame {
+            corners: Some(corners),
+            ..
+        }) => {
+            let rrect = RRect::new_rect_radii(*container, corners);
+            canvas.clip_rrect(rrect, skia::ClipOp::Intersect, antialias);
+        }
+        Type::Rect(_) | Type::Frame(_) => {
+            canvas.clip_rect(*container, skia::ClipOp::Intersect, antialias);
+        }
+        Type::Circle => {
+            let mut pb = skia::PathBuilder::new();
+            pb.add_oval(*container, None, None);
+            canvas.clip_path(&pb.detach(), skia::ClipOp::Intersect, antialias);
+        }
+        Type::Path(_) | Type::Bool(_) => {
+            if let Some(path) = shape.get_skia_path() {
+                if let Some(path_transform) = shape.to_path_transform() {
+                    canvas.clip_path(
+                        &path.make_transform(&path_transform),
+                        skia::ClipOp::Intersect,
+                        antialias,
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    canvas.clip_path(&path, skia::ClipOp::Intersect, antialias);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {
+            canvas.clip_rect(*container, skia::ClipOp::Intersect, antialias);
+        }
+    }
+}

render-wasm/src/shapes.rs

@@ -1077,6 +1077,17 @@ impl Shape {
         self.selrect.center()
     }
 
+    /// Returns the shape's transform matrix centered around its selrect center,
+    /// so that rotations and scales happen around the shape's visual center
+    /// rather than the origin.
+    pub fn centered_transform(&self) -> Matrix {
+        let center = self.center();
+        let mut matrix = self.transform;
+        matrix.post_translate(center);
+        matrix.pre_translate(-center);
+        matrix
+    }
+
     pub fn clip(&self) -> bool {
         self.clip_content
     }

render-wasm/src/state.rs

@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ impl State {
         get_render_state().render_shape_pixels(id, &self.shapes, scale, timestamp)
     }
 
+    pub fn render_shape_pdf(&mut self, id: &Uuid, scale: f32) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        crate::render::pdf::render_to_pdf(get_render_state(), id, &self.shapes, scale)
+    }
+
     pub fn start_render_loop(&mut self, timestamp: i32) -> Result<()> {
         let render_state = get_render_state();
         // If zoom changed (e.g. interrupted zoom render followed by pan), the