diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ProjectController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ProjectController.php
index 1da4ddbe3..262cd862a 100755
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ProjectController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ProjectController.php
@@ -412,6 +412,31 @@ class ProjectController extends AbstractController
         $isPrimary = (int)$project->owner === ProjectUser::OWNER_PRIMARY;
         $applyDeputy = $isPrimary && $deputy_userid !== null;
         //
+        // 业务闭环：项目必须且只能有一个主负责人，最终成员列表必须包含该负责人
+        $primaryOwnerIds = ProjectUser::whereProjectId($project->id)
+            ->whereOwner(ProjectUser::OWNER_PRIMARY)
+            ->pluck('userid')
+            ->map(fn($v) => (int)$v)
+            ->toArray();
+        if (count($primaryOwnerIds) !== 1) {
+            return Base::retError('项目负责人数据异常，请先修复项目负责人');
+        }
+        $primaryOwnerId = $primaryOwnerIds[0];
+        if (!in_array($primaryOwnerId, $userid, true)) {
+            return Base::retError('项目成员列表必须包含项目负责人');
+        }
+        // 项目管理员可以管理普通成员，但不能借成员列表移除其他项目管理员
+        if (!$isPrimary) {
+            $currentDeputyIds = ProjectUser::whereProjectId($project->id)
+                ->whereOwner(ProjectUser::OWNER_DEPUTY)
+                ->pluck('userid')
+                ->map(fn($v) => (int)$v)
+                ->toArray();
+            if (!empty(array_diff($currentDeputyIds, $userid))) {
+                return Base::retError('项目管理员不能移除项目负责人或项目管理员');
+            }
+        }
+        //
         if ($applyDeputy) {
             if (!empty(array_diff($deputy_userid, $userid))) {
                 return Base::retError('项目管理员必须是项目成员');
diff --git a/app/Models/UserDepartment.php b/app/Models/UserDepartment.php
index be1296248..944dc2f25 100644
--- a/app/Models/UserDepartment.php
+++ b/app/Models/UserDepartment.php
@@ -118,6 +118,15 @@ class UserDepartment extends AbstractModel
             }
             $this->updateInstance($data);
             //
+            // 防御：新负责人若残留在 user_department_owners 中（如曾是该部门管理员），清理掉
+            // 否则后续 delDeputy / 罢免接口会把当前部门负责人误移出部门
+            if ($this->id && (int)$this->owner_userid > 0) {
+                \DB::table('user_department_owners')
+                    ->where('department_id', $this->id)
+                    ->where('userid', (int)$this->owner_userid)
+                    ->delete();
+            }
+            //
             if ($this->dialog_id > 0) {
                 // 已有群
                 $dialog = WebSocketDialog::find($this->dialog_id);
@@ -251,12 +260,13 @@ class UserDepartment extends AbstractModel
                 $user->save();
             }
 
-            // 加部门管理员入部门群 + 设 role=2
+            // 加部门管理员入部门群 + 设 role=2 + important=true
             if ($this->dialog_id > 0) {
                 $dialog = WebSocketDialog::find($this->dialog_id);
                 if ($dialog) {
                     // joinGroup($userid, $inviter, $important=null, $pushMsg=true)
-                    $dialog->joinGroup($userid, 0, null, true);
+                    // important=true：部门管理员成员关系不可被普通群操作打散
+                    $dialog->joinGroup($userid, 0, true, true);
                     WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
                         ->where('userid', $userid)
                         ->update(['role' => 2]);
@@ -285,6 +295,16 @@ class UserDepartment extends AbstractModel
             return;
         }
 
+        // 防御：当前部门负责人不能被罢免（saveDepartment 应已清理残留，此处兜底）
+        // 仅清理 user_department_owners 中的悬挂记录，绝不联动移除其部门成员关系/部门群成员
+        if ((int)$this->owner_userid === (int)$userid) {
+            \DB::table('user_department_owners')
+                ->where('department_id', $this->id)
+                ->where('userid', $userid)
+                ->delete();
+            return;
+        }
+
         AbstractModel::transaction(function () use ($userid) {
             $deleted = \DB::table('user_department_owners')
                 ->where('department_id', $this->id)
diff --git a/app/Models/UserTransfer.php b/app/Models/UserTransfer.php
index bf45ed4a1..cbc501dd2 100644
--- a/app/Models/UserTransfer.php
+++ b/app/Models/UserTransfer.php
@@ -90,9 +90,15 @@ class UserTransfer extends AbstractModel
                     $dialog->owner_id = $this->new_userid;
                     if ($dialog->save()) {
                         $dialog->joinGroup($this->new_userid, 0);
+                        // 同步 role=1：保证 deputy_ids 与 owner_id 一致
+                        // 若 new_userid 之前是群管理员（role=2），升为群主后必须从 deputy 列表移出
+                        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+                            ->where('userid', $this->new_userid)
+                            ->update(['role' => 1]);
                         $dialog->pushMsg("groupUpdate", [
                             'id' => $dialog->id,
                             'owner_id' => $dialog->owner_id,
+                            'deputy_ids' => $dialog->fresh()->deputy_ids,
                         ]);
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/app/Models/WebSocketDialog.php b/app/Models/WebSocketDialog.php
index b9ab7911a..96413d368 100644
--- a/app/Models/WebSocketDialog.php
+++ b/app/Models/WebSocketDialog.php
@@ -262,6 +262,15 @@ class WebSocketDialog extends AbstractModel
                 $data[$field] = $data[$field] ?? null;
             }
         }
+        // DB::table 列表/search/beyond 渠道进入的是 stdClass，不会触发 Eloquent $appends。
+        // 这里统一补齐 deputy_ids，保证群管理员入口和标识在所有会话来源中一致。
+        if (($data['type'] ?? null) === 'group' && !array_key_exists('deputy_ids', $data)) {
+            $data['deputy_ids'] = WebSocketDialogUser::whereDialogId($data['id'])
+                ->where('role', 2)
+                ->pluck('userid')
+                ->map(fn($v) => (int)$v)
+                ->toArray();
+        }
         $data['avatar'] = Base::fillUrl($data['avatar']);
 
         // 会员必要字段
@@ -529,18 +538,31 @@ class WebSocketDialog extends AbstractModel
                                 if ($actor <= 0) {
                                     throw new ApiException('只有群主或邀请人可以移出成员');
                                 }
-                                // 群主、群管理员、邀请人可移出
-                                $allowedActor = $this->isOwner($actor) || $actor === (int)$item->inviter;
-                                if (!$allowedActor) {
-                                    throw new ApiException('只有群主或邀请人可以移出成员');
-                                }
-                                // 群管理员不能移出群主或其他群管理员
-                                if ($this->isDeputyOwner($actor)) {
-                                    $targetIsOwner = $this->isPrimaryOwner($item->userid) || $this->isDeputyOwner($item->userid);
-                                    if ($targetIsOwner) {
+
+                                // 目标是群主或群管理员时的保护
+                                $targetIsPrimaryOwner = $this->isPrimaryOwner($item->userid);
+                                $targetIsDeputyOwner = $this->isDeputyOwner($item->userid);
+
+                                if ($targetIsPrimaryOwner || $targetIsDeputyOwner) {
+                                    // 普通邀请人不能移出群主或群管理员
+                                    $actorIsPrimaryOwner = $this->isPrimaryOwner($actor);
+                                    $actorIsDeputyOwner = $this->isDeputyOwner($actor);
+
+                                    if (!$actorIsPrimaryOwner && !$actorIsDeputyOwner) {
+                                        throw new ApiException('普通成员不能移出群主或群管理员');
+                                    }
+
+                                    // 群管理员不能移出群主或其他群管理员
+                                    if ($actorIsDeputyOwner && !$actorIsPrimaryOwner) {
                                         throw new ApiException('群管理员不能移出群主或其他群管理员');
                                     }
                                 }
+
+                                // 普通成员：群主、群管理员、邀请人可移出
+                                $allowedActor = $this->isOwner($actor) || $actor === (int)$item->inviter;
+                                if (!$allowedActor) {
+                                    throw new ApiException('只有群主、群管理员或邀请人可以移出成员');
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                         if ($item->userid == $this->owner_id) {
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_05_03_000001_backfill_dialog_role_consistency.php b/database/migrations/2026_05_03_000001_backfill_dialog_role_consistency.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86a2510eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_05_03_000001_backfill_dialog_role_consistency.php
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+class BackfillDialogRoleConsistency extends Migration
+{
+    /**
+     * Run the migrations.
+     *
+     * 兜底修复 role/owner_id 一致性：
+     * - 部门群 owner_id 与 user_departments.owner_userid 对齐
+     * - owner_id > 0 的群确保 owner 成员存在且 role=1
+     * - 同一群中非 owner 的 role=1 降为普通成员（不影响 role=2 管理员）
+     * - 历史 owner_id=0 的普通用户群按最早的非机器人成员回填群主
+     * - 清理部门负责人残留的 user_department_owners 记录
+     *
+     * 全部语句带幂等条件，可重复运行。
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function up()
+    {
+        $prefix = DB::getTablePrefix();
+
+        // 1) 部门群 owner_id 以 user_departments.owner_userid 为准
+        DB::statement("\n            UPDATE {$prefix}web_socket_dialogs d\n            INNER JOIN {$prefix}user_departments ud ON ud.dialog_id = d.id\n            SET d.owner_id = ud.owner_userid\n            WHERE d.type = 'group'\n              AND d.group_type = 'department'\n              AND d.deleted_at IS NULL\n              AND ud.owner_userid > 0\n              AND d.owner_id != ud.owner_userid\n        ");
+
+        // 2) 历史普通用户群 owner_id=0：按最早加入的非机器人成员回填群主
+        DB::statement("\n            UPDATE {$prefix}web_socket_dialogs d\n            INNER JOIN (\n                SELECT du.dialog_id, MIN(du.id) AS min_id\n                FROM {$prefix}web_socket_dialog_users du\n                WHERE du.userid > 0 AND du.bot = 0\n                GROUP BY du.dialog_id\n            ) first_du ON first_du.dialog_id = d.id\n            INNER JOIN {$prefix}web_socket_dialog_users owner_du ON owner_du.id = first_du.min_id\n            SET d.owner_id = owner_du.userid\n            WHERE d.type = 'group'\n              AND d.group_type = 'user'\n              AND d.deleted_at IS NULL\n              AND d.owner_id = 0\n        ");
+
+        // 3) owner_id > 0 但 owner 不在群成员表时，补一条成员记录（仅补真实存在的用户）
+        DB::statement("\n            INSERT INTO {$prefix}web_socket_dialog_users\n                (dialog_id, userid, role, bot, important, last_at, created_at, updated_at)\n            SELECT\n                d.id,\n                d.owner_id,\n                1,\n                COALESCE(u.bot, 0),\n                CASE WHEN d.group_type IN ('user', 'all') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END,\n                CASE WHEN d.group_type IN ('user', 'department', 'all') THEN NOW(3) ELSE NULL END,\n                NOW(3),\n                NOW(3)\n            FROM {$prefix}web_socket_dialogs d\n            INNER JOIN {$prefix}users u ON u.userid = d.owner_id\n            LEFT JOIN {$prefix}web_socket_dialog_users du\n                ON du.dialog_id = d.id AND du.userid = d.owner_id\n            WHERE d.type = 'group'\n              AND d.deleted_at IS NULL\n              AND d.owner_id > 0\n              AND du.id IS NULL\n        ");
+
+        // 4) owner 成员设为 role=1；业务群 owner 同时保持 important=1
+        DB::statement("\n            UPDATE {$prefix}web_socket_dialog_users du\n            INNER JOIN {$prefix}web_socket_dialogs d ON d.id = du.dialog_id\n            SET du.role = 1,\n                du.important = CASE WHEN d.group_type IN ('user', 'all') THEN du.important ELSE 1 END\n            WHERE d.type = 'group'\n              AND d.deleted_at IS NULL\n              AND d.owner_id > 0\n              AND du.userid = d.owner_id\n              AND (du.role != 1 OR (d.group_type NOT IN ('user', 'all') AND du.important != 1))\n        ");
+
+        // 5) 同一群里非 owner 的 role=1 降为普通成员，避免多个主群主
+        DB::statement("\n            UPDATE {$prefix}web_socket_dialog_users du\n            INNER JOIN {$prefix}web_socket_dialogs d ON d.id = du.dialog_id\n            SET du.role = 0\n            WHERE d.type = 'group'\n              AND d.deleted_at IS NULL\n              AND d.owner_id > 0\n              AND du.role = 1\n              AND du.userid != d.owner_id\n        ");
+
+        // 6) 部门负责人不能同时残留在部门管理员表
+        DB::statement("\n            DELETE udo FROM {$prefix}user_department_owners udo\n            INNER JOIN {$prefix}user_departments ud ON ud.id = udo.department_id\n            WHERE ud.owner_userid = udo.userid\n        ");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse the migrations.
+     *
+     * 数据修复类迁移不提供精确回滚，避免破坏已校准的数据。
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function down()
+    {
+        // no-op
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/DepartmentDeputyImportantTest.php b/tests/Feature/DepartmentDeputyImportantTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da61d108c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/DepartmentDeputyImportantTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\UserDepartment;
+use App\Models\WebSocketDialog;
+use App\Models\WebSocketDialogUser;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseTransactions;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * 部门管理员 important 标记测试
+ */
+class DepartmentDeputyImportantTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use DatabaseTransactions;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否属于"测试环境无 Swoole runtime / PushTask 串行 HTTP fallback 也不可用"的环境性失败
+     * 这些失败与业务逻辑无关，遇到时 markTestSkipped 而非 fail
+     */
+    private function isSwooleInfraFailure(\Throwable $e): bool
+    {
+        $msg = $e->getMessage();
+        // "swoole/Swoole/__wakeup" 来自 Task::deliver 的 swoole 容器绑定；
+        // "Undefined array key" 来自 Ihttp::ihttp_request 的 fallback URL 解析路径
+        // 两者皆为测试环境基础设施问题，与业务逻辑无关
+        return str_contains($msg, 'swoole')
+            || str_contains($msg, 'Swoole')
+            || str_contains($msg, 'AbstractData::__wakeup')
+            || str_contains($msg, 'Undefined array key');
+    }
+
+    private function makeUser(string $email): User
+    {
+        $user = User::createInstance([
+            'email' => $email,
+            'userimg' => '',
+            'nickname' => 'TestUser_' . substr(md5($email), 0, 6),
+            'profession' => '',
+            'password' => md5('123456'),
+        ]);
+        $user->save();
+        return $user;
+    }
+
+    private function makeDepartment(string $name, int $ownerUserid): UserDepartment
+    {
+        $dept = UserDepartment::createInstance([
+            'name' => $name,
+            'parent_id' => 0,
+            'owner_userid' => $ownerUserid,
+        ]);
+        $dept->save();
+
+        // 创建部门群
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup($name, [$ownerUserid], 'department', $ownerUserid);
+        $dept->dialog_id = $dialog->id;
+        $dept->save();
+
+        // 负责人加入部门
+        $owner = User::find($ownerUserid);
+        if ($owner) {
+            $owner->department = "," . $dept->id . ",";
+            $owner->save();
+        }
+
+        return $dept->fresh();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：任命部门管理员时，应设置 important=true
+     */
+    public function test_add_deputy_sets_important_flag()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy@test.local');
+        $dept = $this->makeDepartment('TestDept', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 任命部门管理员
+        $dept->addDeputy($deputy->userid);
+
+        // 验证部门管理员已加入部门群
+        $dialogUser = WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dept->dialog_id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->first();
+
+        $this->assertNotNull($dialogUser, '部门管理员应该已加入部门群');
+        $this->assertEquals(2, (int)$dialogUser->role, '部门管理员 role 应为 2');
+        $this->assertTrue((bool)$dialogUser->important, '部门管理员 important 应为 true');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：罢免部门管理员后，应从部门群移出
+     */
+    public function test_del_deputy_removes_from_department_group()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner3@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy3@test.local');
+        $dept = $this->makeDepartment('TestDept3', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 任命部门管理员
+        $dept->addDeputy($deputy->userid);
+
+        // 验证已加入
+        $this->assertTrue(WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dept->dialog_id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)->exists());
+
+        // 罢免部门管理员
+        $dept->delDeputy($deputy->userid);
+
+        // 验证已移出部门群
+        $this->assertFalse(WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dept->dialog_id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)->exists());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：部门负责人也应该有 important 标记
+     */
+    public function test_department_owner_has_important_flag()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner4@test.local');
+        $dept = $this->makeDepartment('TestDept4', $owner->userid);
+
+        $dialogUser = WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dept->dialog_id)
+            ->where('userid', $owner->userid)
+            ->first();
+
+        $this->assertNotNull($dialogUser);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, (int)$dialogUser->role, '部门负责人 role 应为 1');
+        $this->assertTrue((bool)$dialogUser->important, '部门负责人 important 应为 true');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：任命部门管理员是幂等的
+     */
+    public function test_add_deputy_is_idempotent()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner5@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy5@test.local');
+        $dept = $this->makeDepartment('TestDept5', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 第一次任命
+        $dept->addDeputy($deputy->userid);
+
+        // 第二次任命（不应报错）
+        $dept->addDeputy($deputy->userid);
+
+        // 验证只有一条记录
+        $count = WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dept->dialog_id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->count();
+
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $count);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：部门管理员自动加入 users.department
+     */
+    public function test_deputy_auto_joins_department_members()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner6@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy6@test.local');
+        $dept = $this->makeDepartment('TestDept6', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 任命前不在部门
+        $deputy = $deputy->fresh();
+        $this->assertNotContains($dept->id, $deputy->department);
+
+        // 任命部门管理员
+        $dept->addDeputy($deputy->userid);
+
+        // 任命后应在部门
+        $deputy = $deputy->fresh();
+        $this->assertContains($dept->id, $deputy->department);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：罢免部门管理员后，从 users.department 移除
+     */
+    public function test_del_deputy_removes_from_department_members()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner7@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy7@test.local');
+        $dept = $this->makeDepartment('TestDept7', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 任命部门管理员
+        $dept->addDeputy($deputy->userid);
+
+        $deputy = $deputy->fresh();
+        $this->assertContains($dept->id, $deputy->department);
+
+        // 罢免部门管理员
+        $dept->delDeputy($deputy->userid);
+
+        // 应从部门移除
+        $deputy = $deputy->fresh();
+        $this->assertNotContains($dept->id, $deputy->department);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：不能将部门负责人任命为部门管理员
+     */
+    public function test_cannot_add_primary_owner_as_deputy()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner8@test.local');
+        $dept = $this->makeDepartment('TestDept8', $owner->userid);
+
+        $this->expectException(\App\Exceptions\ApiException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('不能将部门负责人任命为部门管理员');
+
+        $dept->addDeputy($owner->userid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * P0-A：delDeputy(当前部门负责人) 必须只清理 user_department_owners 残留，
+     * 绝不能把负责人从 users.department 或部门群移除
+     *
+     * 直接通过 DB 构造"残留"场景，避免触发 pushMsg/Swoole（测试环境无 swoole runtime）
+     */
+    public function test_del_deputy_does_not_remove_current_primary_owner()
+    {
+        try {
+            $owner = $this->makeUser('owner_promo_b@test.local');
+            $dept = $this->makeDepartment('PromoDeptB', $owner->userid);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            if ($this->isSwooleInfraFailure($e)) {
+                $this->markTestSkipped('Swoole/PushTask 运行时不可用：' . $e->getMessage());
+            }
+            throw $e;
+        }
+
+        // 模拟"升任后残留"：owner 已是部门负责人，但 user_department_owners 仍有他的记录
+        \DB::table('user_department_owners')->insertOrIgnore([
+            'department_id' => $dept->id,
+            'userid' => $owner->userid,
+        ]);
+        $this->assertTrue(
+            \DB::table('user_department_owners')
+                ->where('department_id', $dept->id)
+                ->where('userid', $owner->userid)
+                ->exists()
+        );
+
+        // 调用 delDeputy 罢免"当前负责人" → 走防御性早返回路径
+        $dept->delDeputy($owner->userid);
+
+        // 1) user_department_owners 悬挂记录被清理
+        $this->assertFalse(
+            \DB::table('user_department_owners')
+                ->where('department_id', $dept->id)
+                ->where('userid', $owner->userid)
+                ->exists(),
+            'delDeputy(当前负责人) 应清理 user_department_owners 悬挂记录'
+        );
+
+        // 2) 当前负责人仍在 users.department
+        $owner = $owner->fresh();
+        $this->assertContains($dept->id, $owner->department,
+            '当前部门负责人不能被 delDeputy 从 users.department 移除');
+
+        // 3) 当前负责人仍在部门群（role 不变）
+        $dialogUser = WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dept->dialog_id)
+            ->where('userid', $owner->userid)
+            ->first();
+        $this->assertNotNull($dialogUser, '当前部门负责人不能被 delDeputy 移出部门群');
+
+        // 4) 群 owner_id 仍指向当前负责人
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::find($dept->dialog_id);
+        $this->assertEquals($owner->userid, (int)$dialog->owner_id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * P0-A：saveDepartment 必须清理新负责人在 user_department_owners 中的残留
+     *
+     * saveDepartment 内部 joinGroup/pushMsg 依赖 Swoole runtime，
+     * 当前 PHPUnit 容器无 Swoole 时该测试将整体异常，
+     * 我们捕获到 Swoole 缺失则跳过（业务逻辑不变）
+     */
+    public function test_promote_deputy_to_owner_clears_owner_table_record()
+    {
+        try {
+            $owner = $this->makeUser('owner_promo_a@test.local');
+            $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy_promo_a@test.local');
+            $dept = $this->makeDepartment('PromoDeptA', $owner->userid);
+
+            // 直接 DB 写入"管理员"记录，无需 addDeputy
+            \DB::table('user_department_owners')->insertOrIgnore([
+                'department_id' => $dept->id,
+                'userid' => $deputy->userid,
+            ]);
+            // deputy 加入 users.department + 部门群（避免 saveDepartment 路径意外）
+            $deputy->department = "," . $dept->id . ",";
+            $deputy->save();
+            WebSocketDialogUser::updateInsert([
+                'dialog_id' => $dept->dialog_id,
+                'userid' => $deputy->userid,
+            ], ['role' => 2]);
+
+            $dept->saveDepartment([
+                'name' => $dept->name,
+                'parent_id' => $dept->parent_id,
+                'owner_userid' => $deputy->userid,
+            ]);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            if ($this->isSwooleInfraFailure($e)) {
+                $this->markTestSkipped('Swoole/PushTask 运行时不可用，saveDepartment 端到端无法验证：' . $e->getMessage());
+            }
+            throw $e;
+        }
+        if (!isset($dept)) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('测试环境基础设施失败');
+        }
+
+        $dept = $dept->fresh();
+        $this->assertEquals($deputy->userid, (int)$dept->owner_userid);
+        $this->assertFalse(
+            \DB::table('user_department_owners')
+                ->where('department_id', $dept->id)
+                ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+                ->exists(),
+            '升任部门负责人后，user_department_owners 中的 deputy 残留必须被清理'
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/DialogRemovePermissionTest.php b/tests/Feature/DialogRemovePermissionTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2688a333c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/DialogRemovePermissionTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\WebSocketDialog;
+use App\Models\WebSocketDialogUser;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseTransactions;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * 群成员移出权限保护测试
+ */
+class DialogRemovePermissionTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use DatabaseTransactions;
+
+    private function makeUser(string $email): User
+    {
+        $user = User::createInstance([
+            'email' => $email,
+            'userimg' => '',
+            'nickname' => 'TestUser_' . substr(md5($email), 0, 6),
+            'profession' => '',
+            'password' => md5('123456'),
+        ]);
+        $user->save();
+        return $user;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 检查移出权限（模拟 exitGroup 中的权限检查逻辑）
+     */
+    private function checkRemovePermission(WebSocketDialog $dialog, int $actorUserid, int $targetUserid): void
+    {
+        $member = WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $targetUserid)
+            ->first();
+
+        if (!$member) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('target not member');
+        }
+
+        $actor = $actorUserid;
+        if ($actor <= 0) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('只有群主或邀请人可以移出成员');
+        }
+
+        // 目标是群主或群管理员时的保护
+        $targetIsPrimaryOwner = $dialog->isPrimaryOwner($targetUserid);
+        $targetIsDeputyOwner = $dialog->isDeputyOwner($targetUserid);
+
+        if ($targetIsPrimaryOwner || $targetIsDeputyOwner) {
+            // 普通邀请人不能移出群主或群管理员
+            $actorIsPrimaryOwner = $dialog->isPrimaryOwner($actor);
+            $actorIsDeputyOwner = $dialog->isDeputyOwner($actor);
+
+            if (!$actorIsPrimaryOwner && !$actorIsDeputyOwner) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('普通成员不能移出群主或群管理员');
+            }
+
+            // 群管理员不能移出群主或其他群管理员
+            if ($actorIsDeputyOwner && !$actorIsPrimaryOwner) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('群管理员不能移出群主或其他群管理员');
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 普通成员：群主、群管理员、邀请人可移出
+        $allowedActor = $dialog->isOwner($actor) || $actor === (int)$member->inviter;
+        if (!$allowedActor) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('只有群主、群管理员或邀请人可以移出成员');
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 执行移出（权限检查通过后）
+     */
+    private function simulateRemove(WebSocketDialog $dialog, int $actorUserid, int $targetUserid): void
+    {
+        $this->checkRemovePermission($dialog, $actorUserid, $targetUserid);
+
+        // 执行移出
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $targetUserid)
+            ->delete();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：普通邀请人不能移出群主
+     */
+    public function test_inviter_cannot_remove_primary_owner()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner@test.local');
+        $inviter = $this->makeUser('inviter@test.local');
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('TestGroup', [$owner->userid, $inviter->userid], 'user', $owner->userid);
+
+        // inviter 邀请了 owner（模拟场景）
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $owner->userid)
+            ->update(['inviter' => $inviter->userid]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('普通成员不能移出群主或群管理员');
+
+        $this->simulateRemove($dialog, $inviter->userid, $owner->userid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：普通邀请人不能移出群管理员
+     */
+    public function test_inviter_cannot_remove_deputy_owner()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner2@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy2@test.local');
+        $inviter = $this->makeUser('inviter2@test.local');
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('TestGroup2', [$owner->userid, $deputy->userid, $inviter->userid], 'user', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 设置群管理员
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->update(['role' => 2]);
+
+        // inviter 邀请了 deputy（模拟场景）
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->update(['inviter' => $inviter->userid]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('普通成员不能移出群主或群管理员');
+
+        $this->simulateRemove($dialog, $inviter->userid, $deputy->userid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：群管理员不能移出群主
+     */
+    public function test_deputy_cannot_remove_primary_owner()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner3@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy3@test.local');
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('TestGroup3', [$owner->userid, $deputy->userid], 'user', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 设置群管理员
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->update(['role' => 2]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('群管理员不能移出群主或其他群管理员');
+
+        $this->simulateRemove($dialog, $deputy->userid, $owner->userid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：群管理员不能移出其他群管理员
+     */
+    public function test_deputy_cannot_remove_other_deputy()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner4@test.local');
+        $deputy1 = $this->makeUser('deputy4_1@test.local');
+        $deputy2 = $this->makeUser('deputy4_2@test.local');
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('TestGroup4', [$owner->userid, $deputy1->userid, $deputy2->userid], 'user', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 设置两个群管理员
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->whereIn('userid', [$deputy1->userid, $deputy2->userid])
+            ->update(['role' => 2]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('群管理员不能移出群主或其他群管理员');
+
+        $this->simulateRemove($dialog, $deputy1->userid, $deputy2->userid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：群管理员可以移出普通成员
+     */
+    public function test_deputy_can_remove_regular_member()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner5@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy5@test.local');
+        $member = $this->makeUser('member5@test.local');
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('TestGroup5', [$owner->userid, $deputy->userid, $member->userid], 'user', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 设置群管理员
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->update(['role' => 2]);
+
+        // 应该成功
+        $this->simulateRemove($dialog, $deputy->userid, $member->userid);
+
+        $this->assertFalse(WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $member->userid)->exists());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：群主可以移出群管理员
+     */
+    public function test_primary_owner_can_remove_deputy()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner6@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy6@test.local');
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('TestGroup6', [$owner->userid, $deputy->userid], 'user', $owner->userid);
+
+        // 设置群管理员
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->update(['role' => 2]);
+
+        // 应该成功
+        $this->simulateRemove($dialog, $owner->userid, $deputy->userid);
+
+        $this->assertFalse(WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)->exists());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：普通邀请人可以移出自己邀请的普通成员
+     */
+    public function test_inviter_can_remove_invited_regular_member()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner7@test.local');
+        $inviter = $this->makeUser('inviter7@test.local');
+        $invited = $this->makeUser('invited7@test.local');
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('TestGroup7', [$owner->userid, $inviter->userid, $invited->userid], 'user', $owner->userid);
+
+        // inviter 邀请了 invited
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $invited->userid)
+            ->update(['inviter' => $inviter->userid]);
+
+        // 应该成功
+        $this->simulateRemove($dialog, $inviter->userid, $invited->userid);
+
+        $this->assertFalse(WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $invited->userid)->exists());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：非邀请人的普通成员不能移出其他普通成员
+     */
+    public function test_regular_member_cannot_remove_other_member()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner8@test.local');
+        $member1 = $this->makeUser('member8_1@test.local');
+        $member2 = $this->makeUser('member8_2@test.local');
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('TestGroup8', [$owner->userid, $member1->userid, $member2->userid], 'user', $owner->userid);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('只有群主、群管理员或邀请人可以移出成员');
+
+        $this->simulateRemove($dialog, $member1->userid, $member2->userid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * P2：DB::table/stdClass 渠道的会话数据也应稳定包含 deputy_ids
+     */
+    public function test_synthesize_data_from_db_row_includes_deputy_ids()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner9@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy9@test.local');
+        $member = $this->makeUser('member9@test.local');
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('TestGroup9', [$owner->userid, $deputy->userid, $member->userid], 'user', $owner->userid);
+
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->update(['role' => 2]);
+
+        // 模拟 getDialogList/searchDialog/getDialogBeyond 的 DB::table stdClass 数据源
+        $row = \DB::table('web_socket_dialog_users as u')
+            ->select(['d.*', 'u.top_at', 'u.last_at', 'u.mark_unread', 'u.silence', 'u.hide', 'u.color', 'u.updated_at as user_at'])
+            ->join('web_socket_dialogs as d', 'u.dialog_id', '=', 'd.id')
+            ->where('u.dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('u.userid', $owner->userid)
+            ->first();
+
+        $data = WebSocketDialog::synthesizeData($row, $owner->userid);
+
+        $this->assertArrayHasKey('deputy_ids', $data);
+        $this->assertContains((int)$deputy->userid, $data['deputy_ids']);
+        $this->assertNotContains((int)$owner->userid, $data['deputy_ids']);
+        $this->assertNotContains((int)$member->userid, $data['deputy_ids']);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/ProjectMemberProtectionTest.php b/tests/Feature/ProjectMemberProtectionTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c14489a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/ProjectMemberProtectionTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Models\AbstractModel;
+use App\Models\Project;
+use App\Models\ProjectUser;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\WebSocketDialog;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseTransactions;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * 项目成员管理接口保护测试
+ */
+class ProjectMemberProtectionTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use DatabaseTransactions;
+
+    private function makeUser(string $email): User
+    {
+        $user = User::createInstance([
+            'email' => $email,
+            'userimg' => '',
+            'nickname' => 'TestUser_' . substr(md5($email), 0, 6),
+            'profession' => '',
+            'password' => md5('123456'),
+        ]);
+        $user->save();
+        return $user;
+    }
+
+    private function makeProject(int $ownerUserid, array $memberUserids = []): Project
+    {
+        $allMembers = array_unique(array_merge([$ownerUserid], $memberUserids));
+        $project = Project::createInstance([
+            'name' => 'Test_' . substr(md5(uniqid('', true)), 0, 6),
+            'desc' => '',
+            'userid' => $ownerUserid,
+            'personal' => 0,
+        ]);
+        $project->save();
+        ProjectUser::updateInsert([
+            'project_id' => $project->id,
+            'userid' => $ownerUserid,
+        ], ['owner' => 1]);
+        foreach ($allMembers as $uid) {
+            if ($uid === $ownerUserid) continue;
+            ProjectUser::updateInsert([
+                'project_id' => $project->id,
+                'userid' => $uid,
+            ], ['owner' => 0]);
+        }
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup('Test_dialog', $allMembers, 'project', $ownerUserid);
+        $project->dialog_id = $dialog->id;
+        $project->save();
+        $project->syncDialogUser();
+        return $project->fresh();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 模拟 ProjectController::user() 成员同步接口
+     */
+    private function simulateMemberSync(Project $project, int $callerUserid, array $userids, ?array $deputyUserids): array
+    {
+        $callerRow = ProjectUser::where('project_id', $project->id)
+            ->where('userid', $callerUserid)->first();
+        if (!$callerRow || !in_array((int)$callerRow->owner, [ProjectUser::OWNER_PRIMARY, ProjectUser::OWNER_DEPUTY], true)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('not owner or deputy');
+        }
+        $isPrimary = (int)$callerRow->owner === ProjectUser::OWNER_PRIMARY;
+        $applyDeputy = $isPrimary && $deputyUserids !== null;
+
+        if (count($userids) > 100) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('over 100 members');
+        }
+
+        // 业务闭环：项目必须且只能有一个主负责人，最终成员列表必须包含该负责人
+        $primaryOwnerIds = ProjectUser::whereProjectId($project->id)
+            ->whereOwner(ProjectUser::OWNER_PRIMARY)
+            ->pluck('userid')
+            ->map(fn($v) => (int)$v)
+            ->toArray();
+        if (count($primaryOwnerIds) !== 1) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('项目负责人数据异常，请先修复项目负责人');
+        }
+        $primaryOwnerId = $primaryOwnerIds[0];
+        if (!in_array($primaryOwnerId, $userids, true)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('项目成员列表必须包含项目负责人');
+        }
+        // 项目管理员可以管理普通成员，但不能借成员列表移除其他项目管理员
+        if (!$isPrimary) {
+            $currentDeputyIds = ProjectUser::whereProjectId($project->id)
+                ->whereOwner(ProjectUser::OWNER_DEPUTY)
+                ->pluck('userid')
+                ->map(fn($v) => (int)$v)
+                ->toArray();
+            if (!empty(array_diff($currentDeputyIds, $userids))) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('项目管理员不能移除项目负责人或项目管理员');
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($applyDeputy) {
+            $deputyUserids = array_values(array_unique(array_map('intval', $deputyUserids)));
+            if (!empty(array_diff($deputyUserids, $userids))) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('deputy must be member');
+            }
+            if (in_array($project->owner_userid, $deputyUserids, true)) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('primary cannot be deputy');
+            }
+        }
+
+        return AbstractModel::transaction(function () use ($project, $userids, $applyDeputy, $deputyUserids) {
+            $array = [];
+            foreach ($userids as $uid) {
+                if ($project->joinProject($uid)) {
+                    $array[] = $uid;
+                }
+            }
+            $deleteRows = ProjectUser::whereProjectId($project->id)->whereNotIn('userid', $array)->get();
+            $deleteUserids = $deleteRows->pluck('userid')->toArray();
+            foreach ($deleteRows as $row) {
+                $row->exitProject();
+            }
+
+            if ($applyDeputy) {
+                $current = ProjectUser::whereProjectId($project->id)
+                    ->where('owner', ProjectUser::OWNER_DEPUTY)
+                    ->pluck('userid')->toArray();
+                $toPromote = array_values(array_diff($deputyUserids, $current));
+                $toDemote = array_values(array_diff($current, $deputyUserids));
+                if (!empty($toPromote)) {
+                    ProjectUser::whereProjectId($project->id)
+                        ->whereIn('userid', $toPromote)
+                        ->where('owner', ProjectUser::OWNER_MEMBER)
+                        ->change(['owner' => ProjectUser::OWNER_DEPUTY]);
+                }
+                if (!empty($toDemote)) {
+                    ProjectUser::whereProjectId($project->id)
+                        ->whereIn('userid', $toDemote)
+                        ->where('owner', ProjectUser::OWNER_DEPUTY)
+                        ->change(['owner' => ProjectUser::OWNER_MEMBER]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            $project->fresh()->syncDialogUser();
+            return $deleteUserids;
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：项目负责人不能从成员列表中移除自己
+     */
+    public function test_primary_owner_cannot_remove_self()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner@test.local');
+        $member = $this->makeUser('member@test.local');
+        $project = $this->makeProject($owner->userid, [$member->userid]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('项目成员列表必须包含项目负责人');
+
+        // 负责人尝试移除自己
+        $this->simulateMemberSync($project, $owner->userid, [$member->userid], null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：项目管理员不能通过成员管理接口移除项目负责人
+     */
+    public function test_deputy_cannot_remove_primary_owner()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner2@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy2@test.local');
+        $member = $this->makeUser('member2@test.local');
+        $project = $this->makeProject($owner->userid, [$deputy->userid, $member->userid]);
+
+        // 任命项目管理员
+        ProjectUser::where('project_id', $project->id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->update(['owner' => ProjectUser::OWNER_DEPUTY]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('项目成员列表必须包含项目负责人');
+
+        // 项目管理员尝试移除负责人
+        $this->simulateMemberSync($project, $deputy->userid, [$deputy->userid, $member->userid], null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：项目负责人可以正常管理普通成员
+     */
+    public function test_primary_owner_can_manage_regular_members()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner3@test.local');
+        $member1 = $this->makeUser('member3_1@test.local');
+        $member2 = $this->makeUser('member3_2@test.local');
+        $project = $this->makeProject($owner->userid, [$member1->userid, $member2->userid]);
+
+        // 移除 member2
+        $deleted = $this->simulateMemberSync($project, $owner->userid, [$owner->userid, $member1->userid], []);
+
+        $this->assertContains($member2->userid, $deleted);
+        $this->assertFalse(ProjectUser::where('project_id', $project->id)
+            ->where('userid', $member2->userid)->exists());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：项目管理员可以管理普通成员，但不能移除负责人
+     */
+    public function test_deputy_can_manage_regular_members_but_not_owner()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner4@test.local');
+        $deputy = $this->makeUser('deputy4@test.local');
+        $member = $this->makeUser('member4@test.local');
+        $project = $this->makeProject($owner->userid, [$deputy->userid, $member->userid]);
+
+        ProjectUser::where('project_id', $project->id)
+            ->where('userid', $deputy->userid)
+            ->update(['owner' => ProjectUser::OWNER_DEPUTY]);
+
+        // 项目管理员移除普通成员（应该成功）
+        $deleted = $this->simulateMemberSync($project, $deputy->userid, [$owner->userid, $deputy->userid], null);
+
+        $this->assertContains($member->userid, $deleted);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：项目管理员不能移除其他项目管理员（不能借成员管理绕过罢免权限）
+     */
+    public function test_deputy_cannot_remove_other_deputy()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner4b@test.local');
+        $deputy1 = $this->makeUser('deputy4b_1@test.local');
+        $deputy2 = $this->makeUser('deputy4b_2@test.local');
+        $member = $this->makeUser('member4b@test.local');
+        $project = $this->makeProject($owner->userid, [$deputy1->userid, $deputy2->userid, $member->userid]);
+
+        ProjectUser::where('project_id', $project->id)
+            ->whereIn('userid', [$deputy1->userid, $deputy2->userid])
+            ->update(['owner' => ProjectUser::OWNER_DEPUTY]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('项目管理员不能移除项目负责人或项目管理员');
+
+        // deputy1 尝试移除 deputy2
+        $this->simulateMemberSync($project, $deputy1->userid, [$owner->userid, $deputy1->userid, $member->userid], null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 测试：空成员列表被拒绝（因为必须包含负责人）
+     */
+    public function test_empty_member_list_rejected()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('owner5@test.local');
+        $project = $this->makeProject($owner->userid);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('项目成员列表必须包含项目负责人');
+
+        $this->simulateMemberSync($project, $owner->userid, [], []);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/UserTransferOwnerRoleTest.php b/tests/Feature/UserTransferOwnerRoleTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..804a2df7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/UserTransferOwnerRoleTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\UserTransfer;
+use App\Models\WebSocketDialog;
+use App\Models\WebSocketDialogUser;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseTransactions;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * P0-B：离职转移普通群群主时 role/deputy_ids 必须同步
+ */
+class UserTransferOwnerRoleTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use DatabaseTransactions;
+
+    private function isSwooleInfraFailure(\Throwable $e): bool
+    {
+        $msg = $e->getMessage();
+        return str_contains($msg, 'swoole')
+            || str_contains($msg, 'Swoole')
+            || str_contains($msg, 'AbstractData::__wakeup')
+            || str_contains($msg, 'Undefined array key');
+    }
+
+    private function makeUser(string $email): User
+    {
+        $user = User::createInstance([
+            'email' => $email,
+            'userimg' => '',
+            'nickname' => 'TestUser_' . substr(md5($email), 0, 6),
+            'profession' => '',
+            'password' => md5('123456'),
+        ]);
+        $user->save();
+        return $user;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 离职移交后：接收人 role=1，且 deputy_ids 不再包含他（哪怕之前是群管理员）
+     */
+    public function test_transfer_promotes_deputy_receiver_to_owner_role_one()
+    {
+        $original = $this->makeUser('orig_owner@test.local');
+        $receiver = $this->makeUser('xfer_receiver@test.local');
+
+        // original 为群主、receiver 为群管理员（role=2）的普通 user 群
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup(
+            'XferUserGroup',
+            [$original->userid, $receiver->userid],
+            'user',
+            $original->userid
+        );
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $receiver->userid)
+            ->update(['role' => 2]);
+
+        // 移交前断言
+        $this->assertContains((int)$receiver->userid, $dialog->fresh()->deputy_ids);
+
+        // 触发离职移交（exitDialog 路径）
+        $transfer = new UserTransfer();
+        $transfer->original_userid = $original->userid;
+        $transfer->new_userid = $receiver->userid;
+        try {
+            $transfer->exitDialog();
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            if (str_contains($e->getMessage(), 'swoole')) {
+                $this->markTestSkipped('Swoole runtime 不可用，UserTransfer::exitDialog 无法在当前环境中端到端验证：' . $e->getMessage());
+            }
+            throw $e;
+        }
+
+        // 群主已切换
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::find($dialog->id);
+        $this->assertEquals($receiver->userid, (int)$dialog->owner_id, '群主应转移为接收人');
+
+        // original 已退群
+        $this->assertFalse(
+            WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+                ->where('userid', $original->userid)
+                ->exists(),
+            '原群主应已退出群组'
+        );
+
+        // receiver role=1（从 deputy 升级为 primary owner）
+        $receiverDu = WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $receiver->userid)
+            ->first();
+        $this->assertNotNull($receiverDu);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, (int)$receiverDu->role, '接收人 role 应升级为 1（primary owner）');
+
+        // deputy_ids 不再包含 receiver
+        $this->assertNotContains((int)$receiver->userid, $dialog->fresh()->deputy_ids,
+            '接收人升为群主后 deputy_ids 不应再包含他');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 离职移交：接收人不在群中（exitDialog 把他作为新成员加入），role 也应被设为 1
+     */
+    public function test_transfer_adds_new_receiver_with_owner_role_one()
+    {
+        $original = $this->makeUser('orig2_owner@test.local');
+        $receiver = $this->makeUser('xfer2_receiver@test.local');
+
+        // 群里只有 original
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup(
+            'XferUserGroup2',
+            [$original->userid],
+            'user',
+            $original->userid
+        );
+
+        $transfer = new UserTransfer();
+        $transfer->original_userid = $original->userid;
+        $transfer->new_userid = $receiver->userid;
+        try {
+            $transfer->exitDialog();
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            if ($this->isSwooleInfraFailure($e)) {
+                $this->markTestSkipped('Swoole/PushTask 运行时不可用：' . $e->getMessage());
+            }
+            throw $e;
+        }
+
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::find($dialog->id);
+        $this->assertEquals($receiver->userid, (int)$dialog->owner_id);
+
+        $receiverDu = WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $receiver->userid)
+            ->first();
+        $this->assertNotNull($receiverDu, '接收人应被 joinGroup 加入群组');
+        $this->assertEquals(1, (int)$receiverDu->role, '接收人 role 应为 1');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 离职移交：original 不是群主时（普通成员），不触发 owner 转移逻辑
+     */
+    public function test_transfer_does_not_promote_when_original_not_owner()
+    {
+        $owner = $this->makeUser('grp_owner@test.local');
+        $original = $this->makeUser('orig3_member@test.local');
+        $receiver = $this->makeUser('xfer3_receiver@test.local');
+
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::createGroup(
+            'XferUserGroup3',
+            [$owner->userid, $original->userid, $receiver->userid],
+            'user',
+            $owner->userid
+        );
+        // receiver 是 role=2 的群管理员
+        WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $receiver->userid)
+            ->update(['role' => 2]);
+
+        $transfer = new UserTransfer();
+        $transfer->original_userid = $original->userid;
+        $transfer->new_userid = $receiver->userid;
+        try {
+            $transfer->exitDialog();
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            if ($this->isSwooleInfraFailure($e)) {
+                $this->markTestSkipped('Swoole/PushTask 运行时不可用：' . $e->getMessage());
+            }
+            throw $e;
+        }
+
+        // 原群主未变
+        $dialog = WebSocketDialog::find($dialog->id);
+        $this->assertEquals($owner->userid, (int)$dialog->owner_id);
+
+        // receiver 仍然是群管理员（role=2）
+        $receiverDu = WebSocketDialogUser::where('dialog_id', $dialog->id)
+            ->where('userid', $receiver->userid)
+            ->first();
+        $this->assertEquals(2, (int)$receiverDu->role);
+    }
+}