Sandbox is an execution environment, not a named resource: multiple tools
(bash, read_file, write_file, glob, grep, ...) depend on it, all funneled
through ensure_sandbox_initialized / ensure_sandbox_initialized_async. Gate
the single acquisition entry point (single source of truth) instead of
maintaining a sandbox-tool-name set in middleware:
- authorize_sandbox_execution helper (authz/sandbox_authz.py) checks
authorize("sandbox", "execute", target="*") — a binary judgment
(can this role use the sandbox at all); RBAC allow:"*"/true permits,
allow:[]/false denies.
- lazy path: ensure_sandbox_initialized (+ async) calls the gate before
provider.acquire.
- eager path: SandboxMiddleware.before_agent / abefore_agent call the gate
before _acquire_sandbox.
- deny raises SandboxAuthorizationError (SandboxError subclass) which
propagates through tool execution as a friendly ToolMessage (RFC §9:
'not a crash').
- authorization.enabled: false is a no-op everywhere; provider errors
follow fail_closed (deny) / fail_open (allow).
12 tests in tests/test_sandbox_authorization.py cover disabled/allow/deny/
deny-via-bool/no-policy-unrestricted/provider-error-fail-closed/open/
internal-caller + ensure_sandbox_initialized deny (never acquires) and
allow (acquires) integration paths.
