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461 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
461 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
---
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description: 数据库(db)
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globs:
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---
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# 数据库(db)
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数据库使用的是`typeorm`库
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中文文档:](httpsom)
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官方文档:[https://typeorm.io](mdc:https:/据库文档:[https:/www.midwayjs.org/docs/extensions/orm](https:/www.midwayjs.org/docs/extensions/orm)
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## 数据库配置
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支持`Mysql`、`PostgreSQL`、`Sqlite`三种数据库
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#### Mysql
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`src/config/config.local.ts`
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```ts
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import { CoolConfig } from "@cool-midway/core";
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import { MidwayConfig } from "@midwayjs/core";
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export default {
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typeorm: {
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dataSource: {
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default: {
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type: "mysql",
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host: "127.0.0.1",
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port: 3306,
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username: "root",
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password: "123456",
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database: "cool",
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// 自动建表 注意:线上部署的时候不要使用,有可能导致数据丢失
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synchronize: true,
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// 打印日志
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logging: false,
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// 字符集
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charset: "utf8mb4",
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// 是否开启缓存
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cache: true,
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// 实体路径
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entities: ["**/modules/*/entity"],
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},
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},
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},
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} as MidwayConfig;
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```
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#### PostgreSQL
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需要先安装驱动
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```shell
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npm install pg --save
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```
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`src/config/config.local.ts`
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```ts
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import { CoolConfig } from "@cool-midway/core";
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import { MidwayConfig } from "@midwayjs/core";
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export default {
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typeorm: {
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dataSource: {
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default: {
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type: "postgres",
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host: "127.0.0.1",
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port: 5432,
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username: "postgres",
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password: "123456",
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database: "cool",
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// 自动建表 注意:线上部署的时候不要使用,有可能导致数据丢失
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synchronize: true,
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// 打印日志
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logging: false,
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// 字符集
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charset: "utf8mb4",
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// 是否开启缓存
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cache: true,
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// 实体路径
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entities: ["**/modules/*/entity"],
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},
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},
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},
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} as MidwayConfig;
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```
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#### Sqlite
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需要先安装驱动
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```shell
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npm install sqlite3 --save
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```
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`src/config/config.local.ts`
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```ts
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import { CoolConfig } from "@cool-midway/core";
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import { MidwayConfig } from "@midwayjs/core";
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import * as path from "path";
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export default {
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typeorm: {
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dataSource: {
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default: {
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type: "sqlite",
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// 数据库文件地址
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database: path.join(__dirname, "../../cool.sqlite"),
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// 自动建表 注意:线上部署的时候不要使用,有可能导致数据丢失
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synchronize: true,
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// 打印日志
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logging: false,
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// 实体路径
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entities: ["**/modules/*/entity"],
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},
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},
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},
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} as MidwayConfig;
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```
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## 事务示例
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`cool-admin`封装了自己事务,让代码更简洁
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#### 示例
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```ts
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import { Inject, Provide } from "@midwayjs/core";
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import { BaseService, CoolTransaction } from "@cool-midway/core";
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import { InjectEntityModel } from "@midwayjs/orm";
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import { Repository, QueryRunner } from "typeorm";
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import { DemoAppGoodsEntity } from "../entity/goods";
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/**
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* 商品
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*/
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@Provide()
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export class DemoGoodsService extends BaseService {
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@InjectEntityModel(DemoAppGoodsEntity)
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demoAppGoodsEntity: Repository<DemoAppGoodsEntity>;
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/**
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* 事务
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* @param params
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* @param queryRunner 无需调用者传参, 自动注入,最后一个参数
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*/
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@CoolTransaction({ isolation: "SERIALIZABLE" })
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async testTransaction(params: any, queryRunner?: QueryRunner) {
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await queryRunner.manager.insert<DemoAppGoodsEntity>(DemoAppGoodsEntity, {
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title: "这是个商品",
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pic: "商品图",
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price: 99.0,
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type: 1,
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});
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}
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}
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```
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::: tip
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`CoolTransaction`中已经做了异常捕获,所以方法内部无需捕获异常,必须使用`queryRunner`做数据库操作,
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而且不能是异步的,否则事务无效,
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`queryRunner`会注入到被注解的方法最后一个参数中, 无需调用者传参
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:::
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## 字段
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BaseEntity 是实体基类,所有实体类都需要继承它。
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- v8.x 之前位于`@cool-midway/core`包中
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- v8.x 之后位于`src/modules/base/entity/base.ts`
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```typescript
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import { Index, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column } from "typeorm";
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import * as moment from "moment";
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import { CoolBaseEntity } from "@cool-midway/core";
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const transformer = {
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to(value) {
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return value
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? moment(value).format("YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss")
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: moment().format("YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss");
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},
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from(value) {
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return value;
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},
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};
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/**
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* 实体基类
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*/
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export abstract class BaseEntity extends CoolBaseEntity {
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// 默认自增
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@PrimaryGeneratedColumn("increment", {
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comment: "ID",
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})
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id: number;
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@Index()
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@Column({
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comment: "创建时间",
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type: "varchar",
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transformer,
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})
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createTime: Date;
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@Index()
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@Column({
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comment: "更新时间",
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type: "varchar",
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transformer,
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})
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updateTime: Date;
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@Index()
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@Column({ comment: "租户ID", nullable: true })
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tenantId: number;
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}
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```
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```typescript
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// v8.x 之前
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import { BaseEntity } from "@cool-midway/core";
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// v8.x 之后
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import { BaseEntity } from "../../base/entity/base";
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import { Column, Entity, Index } from "typeorm";
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/**
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* demo模块-用户信息
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*/
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// 表名必须包含模块固定格式:模块_,
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@Entity("demo_user_info")
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// DemoUserInfoEntity是模块+表名+Entity
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export class DemoUserInfoEntity extends BaseEntity {
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@Index()
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@Column({ comment: "手机号", length: 11 })
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phone: string;
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@Index({ unique: true })
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@Column({ comment: "身份证", length: 50 })
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idCard: string;
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// 生日只需要精确到哪一天,所以type:'date',如果需要精确到时分秒,应为'datetime'
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@Column({ comment: "生日", type: "date" })
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birthday: Date;
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@Column({ comment: "状态 0-禁用 1-启用", default: 1 })
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status: number;
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@Column({
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comment: "分类 0-普通 1-会员 2-超级会员",
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default: 0,
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type: "tinyint",
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})
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type: number;
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// 由于labels的类型是一个数组,所以Column中的type类型必须得是'json'
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@Column({ comment: "标签", nullable: true, type: "json" })
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labels: string[];
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@Column({
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comment: "余额",
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type: "decimal",
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precision: 5,
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scale: 2,
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})
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balance: number;
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@Column({ comment: "备注", nullable: true })
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remark: string;
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@Column({ comment: "简介", type: "text", nullable: true })
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summary: string;
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}
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```
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## 虚拟字段
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虚拟字段是指数据库中没有实际存储的字段,而是通过其他字段计算得到的字段,这种字段在查询时可以直接使用,但是不能进行更新操作
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```ts
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import { BaseEntity } from "@cool-midway/core";
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import { Column, Entity, Index } from "typeorm";
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/**
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* 数据实体
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*/
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@Entity("xxx_xxx")
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export class XxxEntity extends BaseEntity {
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@Index()
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@Column({
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type: "varchar",
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length: 7,
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asExpression: "DATE_FORMAT(createTime, '%Y-%m')",
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generatedType: "VIRTUAL",
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comment: "月份",
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})
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month: string;
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@Index()
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@Column({
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type: "varchar",
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length: 4,
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asExpression: "DATE_FORMAT(createTime, '%Y')",
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generatedType: "VIRTUAL",
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comment: "年份",
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})
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year: string;
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@Index()
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@Column({
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type: "varchar",
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length: 10,
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asExpression: "DATE_FORMAT(createTime, '%Y-%m-%d')",
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generatedType: "VIRTUAL",
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comment: "日期",
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})
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date: string;
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@Column({ comment: "退款", type: "json", nullable: true })
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refund: {
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// 退款单号
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orderNum: string;
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// 金额
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amount: number;
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// 实际退款金额
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realAmount: number;
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// 状态 0-申请中 1-已退款 2-拒绝
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status: number;
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// 申请时间
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applyTime: Date;
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// 退款时间
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time: Date;
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// 退款原因
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reason: string;
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// 拒绝原因
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refuseReason: string;
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};
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// 将退款状态提取出来,方便查询
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@Index()
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@Column({
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asExpression: "JSON_EXTRACT(refund, '$.status')",
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generatedType: "VIRTUAL",
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comment: "退款状态",
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nullable: true,
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})
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refundStatus: number;
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}
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```
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## 不使用外键
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typeorm 有很多 OneToMany, ManyToOne, ManyToMany 等关联关系,这种都会生成外键,但是在实际生产开发中,不推荐使用外键:
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- 性能影响:外键会在插入、更新或删除操作时增加额外的开销。数据库需要检查外键约束是否满足,这可能会降低数据库的性能,特别是在大规模数据操作时更为明显。
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- 复杂性增加:随着系统的发展,数据库结构可能会变得越来越复杂。外键约束增加了数据库结构的复杂性,使得数据库的维护和理解变得更加困难。
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- 可扩展性问题:在分布式数据库系统中,数据可能分布在不同的服务器上。外键约束会影响数据的分片和分布,限制了数据库的可扩展性。
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- 迁移和备份困难:带有外键约束的数据库迁移或备份可能会变得更加复杂。迁移时需要保证数据的完整性和约束的一致性,这可能会增加迁移的难度和时间。
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- 业务逻辑耦合:过多依赖数据库的外键约束可能会导致业务逻辑过度耦合于数据库层。这可能会限制应用程序的灵活性和后期的业务逻辑调整。
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- 并发操作问题:在高并发的场景下,外键约束可能会导致锁的竞争,增加死锁的风险,影响系统的稳定性和响应速度。
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尽管外键提供了数据完整性保障,但在某些场景下,特别是在高性能和高可扩展性要求的系统中,可能会选择在应用层实现相应的完整性检查和约束逻辑,以避免上述问题。这需要在设计系统时根据实际需求和环境来权衡利弊,做出合适的决策。
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## 多表关联查询
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cool-admin 有三种方式的联表查询:
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1、controller 上配置
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特别注意要配置 select, 不然会报重复字段错误
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```ts
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@CoolController({
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// 添加通用CRUD接口
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api: ['add', 'delete', 'update', 'info', 'list', 'page'],
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// 设置表实体
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entity: DemoAppGoodsEntity,
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// 分页查询配置
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pageQueryOp: {
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// 指定返回字段,注意多表查询这个是必要的,否则会出现重复字段的问题
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select: ['a.*', 'b.name', 'a.name AS userName'],
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// 联表查询
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join: [
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{
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entity: BaseSysUserEntity,
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alias: 'b',
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condition: 'a.userId = b.id'
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},
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]
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})
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```
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2、service 中
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通过`this.nativeQuery`或者`this.sqlRenderPage`两种方法执行自定义 sql
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- nativeQuery:执行原生 sql,返回数组
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- sqlRenderPage:执行原生 sql,返回分页对象
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模板 sql 示例,方便动态传入参数,千万不要直接拼接 sql,有 sql 注入风险,以下方法 cool-admin 内部已经做了防注入处理
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- setSql:第一个参数是条件,第二个参数是 sql,第三个参数是参数数组
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```ts
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this.nativeQuery(
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`SELECT
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a.*,
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b.nickName
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FROM
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demo_goods a
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LEFT JOIN user_info b ON a.userId = b.id
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${this.setSql(true, 'and b.userId = ?', [userId])}`
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```
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3、通过 typeorm 原生的写法
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示例
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```ts
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const find = this.demoGoodsEntity
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.createQueryBuilder("a")
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.select(["a.*", "b.nickName as userName"])
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.leftJoin(UserInfoEntity, "b", "a.id = b.id")
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.getRawMany();
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```
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## 配置字典和可选项(8.x 新增)
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为了让前端可能自动识别某个字段的可选项或者属于哪个字典,我们可以在@Column 注解上配置`options`和`dict`属性,
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旧的写法
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```ts
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// 无法指定字典
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// 可选项只能按照一定规则编写,否则前端无法识别
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@Column({ comment: '状态 0-禁用 1-启用', default: 1 })
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status: number;
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```
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新的写法
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```ts
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// 指定字典为goodsType,这样前端生成的时候就会默认指定这个字典
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@Column({ comment: '分类', dict: 'goodsType' })
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type: number;
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// 状态的可选项有禁用和启用,默认是启用,值是数组的下标,0-禁用,1-启用
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@Column({ comment: '状态', dict: ['禁用', '启用'], default: 1 })
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status: number;
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```
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