diff --git a/backend/app/services/order/OrderCenterServices.php b/backend/app/services/order/OrderCenterServices.php
index 252e47367..211c5c083 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/order/OrderCenterServices.php
+++ b/backend/app/services/order/OrderCenterServices.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use crmeb\trade\order\type\OrderCenterSyncInterface;
 use crmeb\trade\mode\TradeModeRegistry;
 use crmeb\trade\product\ProductTypeRegistry;
 use crmeb\utils\SnowflakeIdGenerator;
+use crmeb\exceptions\ApiException;
 use app\dao\driver\pay\PayChannelDao;
 use app\dao\user\UserBillDao;
 use think\facade\Log;
@@ -2247,9 +2248,9 @@ class OrderCenterServices extends BaseService implements OrderCenterSyncInterfac
     {
         $searchWhere = [];
 
-        // 通用：是否删除筛选，默认不查已删除
+        // 通用：是否后台删除筛选，默认不查已删除；用户删除（is_del）不影响后台可见性
         $isDeleted = $where['is_deleted'] ?? false;
-        $searchWhere[] = ['is_del', '=', $isDeleted ? 1 : 0];
+        $searchWhere[] = ['is_system_del', '=', $isDeleted ? 1 : 0];
 
         // 订单大类筛选
         if (!empty($where['order_category'])) {
@@ -2303,7 +2304,7 @@ class OrderCenterServices extends BaseService implements OrderCenterSyncInterfac
              total_num, title, image, subtitle, shipping_type,
              extra_info,
              remark, detail_route,
-             add_time, pay_time, delivery_time, take_time, refund_time, cancel_time, is_del';
+             add_time, pay_time, delivery_time, take_time, refund_time, cancel_time, is_del, is_system_del';
 
         // 售后状态筛选：需要先按其他条件筛选出候选订单号，再按售后状态过滤，保证分页准确
         $afterSaleOrderNos = [];
@@ -2506,7 +2507,7 @@ class OrderCenterServices extends BaseService implements OrderCenterSyncInterfac
         $ttl = empty($where['date_range']) ? 300 : 60;
 
         return app()->cache->remember($cacheKey, function () use ($where) {
-            $baseWhere = [['is_del', '=', 0]];
+            $baseWhere = [['is_system_del', '=', 0]];
             // 按订单大类筛选
             if (!empty($where['order_category'])) {
                 $baseWhere[] = ['order_category', '=', $where['order_category']];
@@ -2610,13 +2611,24 @@ class OrderCenterServices extends BaseService implements OrderCenterSyncInterfac
     }
 
     /**
-     * 软删除订单
+     * 软删除订单（管理端）
+     * 写 is_system_del 仅隐藏后台列表，不影响用户端；仅允许后台删除用户端已删除的订单
      * @param int $id 订单中台记录ID
      * @return bool 返回是否删除成功
+     * @throws ApiException 订单不存在或用户未删除时抛出
      */
     public function delete(int $id): bool
     {
-        return $this->dao->update(['id' => $id], ['is_del' => 1]) !== false;
+        $orderInfo = $this->dao->get(['id' => $id]);
+        if (!$orderInfo) {
+            throw new ApiException('订单不存在');
+        }
+        if (!(int)($orderInfo['is_del'] ?? 0)) {
+            throw new ApiException('订单未被用户删除，不能删除');
+        }
+        $res = $this->dao->update(['id' => $id], ['is_system_del' => 1]) !== false;
+        app()->cache->delete('order_center:stat:*');
+        return $res;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/backend/public/install/crmeb_table.sql b/backend/public/install/crmeb_table.sql
index 865d04497..65535d8a5 100755
--- a/backend/public/install/crmeb_table.sql
+++ b/backend/public/install/crmeb_table.sql
@@ -786,7 +786,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `eb_order_center` (
   `take_time` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '收货/完成时间',
   `refund_time` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '退款时间',
   `cancel_time` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '取消时间',
-  `is_del` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否删除（软删除）',
+  `is_del` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '用户删除标记（用户端隐藏）',
+  `is_system_del` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '后台删除标记（后台列表隐藏）',
   PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
   UNIQUE KEY `uk_order_no` (`order_no`),
   UNIQUE KEY `uk_source_order` (`source_type`,`source_id`),
diff --git a/backend/public/install/update.sql b/backend/public/install/update.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6d2e2ef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/public/install/update.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+-- ============================================================
+-- CRMEB 数据库增量更新脚本
+-- 用途：已安装环境升级到当前版本时执行；全新安装直接导入
+--       crmeb_table.sql，无需本文件。
+-- 注意：MySQL 8 不支持 ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS，请勿重复执行。
+-- ============================================================
+
+-- 2026-10-09 订单中台删除标记拆分：is_del=用户删除（用户端隐藏），
+-- is_system_del=后台删除（后台列表隐藏）；后台列表与统计改按
+-- is_system_del 过滤，用户删除的订单后台仍可见，后台删除以用户已删为前提。
+ALTER TABLE `eb_order_center`
+    ADD COLUMN `is_system_del` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '后台删除标记（后台列表隐藏）' AFTER `is_del`,
+    MODIFY COLUMN `is_del` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '用户删除标记（用户端隐藏）';